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physics > forces of balance > Flashcards

forces of balance Flashcards

1
Q

what do vectors have

A

magnitude and direction

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2
Q

what do scalars have

A

only magnitude

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3
Q

name some examples of vectors

A

accelleration, velocity, force, momentum, displacement

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4
Q

name some scalars

A

speed
energy
distance
mass
time
temperature

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5
Q

name some contact forces

A

tension, friction, air resistance, normal force

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6
Q

name some non contact forces

A

gravitational force
electrostatic force
magnetic force of attraction or repulsion

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7
Q

what is a force

A

a push or pull acting on an object due to interaction with another object

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8
Q

what is an interaction pair/ Newton’s 3rd law

A

When 2 objectst interact the force they exert on eachother are equel yet opposite

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9
Q

sun and earths example of interaction pair? look in cgp pg 51 if help

A

This is an example of Gravitational force

The sun and the earth are attracted to each other. They share an equal force but an opposite force of attraction which is felt by both the sun and earth.

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10
Q

what is centre of mass

A

the point on the object at which it will balance and exert a force-
AQA definition - the point at which the weight of the object is considered to be acting

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11
Q

what can weight be measured with

A

calibrated spring balance / newton meter

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12
Q

what is the unit of force

A

newtons [N]

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13
Q

what are directly proportional

A

mass and weight

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14
Q

what is weight

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity

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15
Q

what may change gravitational force/ weight

A

different locations

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16
Q

what is equation for weight

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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17
Q

what is resultant force

A

overall force acting on an object

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18
Q

what is altitude

A

height of object or point in relation to ground or sea level

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19
Q

what Is thrust

A

forward force

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20
Q

what is velocity

A

the speed of which something is moving in a direction towards something

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21
Q

what is displacement

A

change in position of an object

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22
Q

what does the length of arrow and arrow direction show.

A

length shows the size/magnitude of force
arrow shows the direction of force

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23
Q

what doe a free body diagram show

A

all the forces acting on an object

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24
Q

what is lift/ drag

A

a force acting in the oposite direction to the motion

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25
Q

what does it mean for the object to be I equilibrium

A

if the forces on it are balanced / equal zero

26
Q

properties of an elastic material

A

The elastic material will always return bc to its original shaper size once the forces have been removed.

27
Q

what ways do forces on elastics act

A

the forces on an elastic have same magnitude yet opposite direction

28
Q

what does elastic deformation mean

A

elastics can be stretched, squeezed/ compressed or bended. This Is called elastic deformation however they will always return back to normal after forces removed

non elastic materials will not go back to their original size or shape once being compressed, stretches or bended.

29
Q

what are examples of inelastic material

A

polymers - plastics

30
Q

what are examples of elastic materials

A

rubber glove
rubber band
tennis ball
eraser
spring

31
Q

what is inelastic deformation

A

when an inelastic material changes shape or size after being stretched, compressed or bended by the forces acting on it, once the forces are removed the material will not return to its previous shape or size

32
Q
A

when we are deforming elastic material we are exerting a force to do work on the elastic material

work done is = to elastic potential energy

when we are doing work on a elastic material we are transferring energy into an elastic potential energy. if it is elastically deformed all this energy is transferred into elastic potential energy store.

33
Q

why do you need more than 1 force to deform elastic material

A

if elastic material only had one force acting on it, it would move in a direction it would not compress, strep h or bend (change shape ) there has to be more that one force in opposite directions acting upon the elastic material

34
Q

what is directly proportional in elasticity

A

extension is directly proportional to force

35
Q

what is limit of proportionality in extension and force

A

eventually there will be a maximum force bing exerted in the elastic material. as a result the elastic material would’ve reaches its maximum extension extension will no longer be proportional to force.

this can be shown on a force and extension graph - the line would be in direct proportion but then flatten but

36
Q

what is work

A

when force is applied to an object/ body causing that object to be displaced/ moved

a force does work on an object when that object is then displaced.

37
Q

what is momentum

A

strength or force gained by motion or by a series of events

38
Q

what is motion

A

change in position of an object overtime

39
Q

what is velocity

A

how fast and object is moving in a direction

40
Q

what is speed

A

how fast/ rate at which and object is moving

41
Q

what is acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity

42
Q

what is displacement

A

change in position of the object

43
Q

what is newtons 2nd law

A

the acceleration of an object is proportionally to the resultant force applied. - The larger the resultant force acting on an object the more the object accelerates.

the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of the object ( as mass of the object increases acceleration will decrease [ they act in the opposite nature])

44
Q

describe the acceleration practical

A

what is control variable - mass of the car
what is the independent variable- the mass attached to the end of the string
what is the dependant variable- acceleration of the car

45
Q

what is newton 1st law (inertia)

A

a resultant force is needed to make something start moving, speed up or slow down. An object that is stationary will remain stationary and an object that is moving will remain moving if the resultant force is balanced/ 0

46
Q

what is the force in acceleration practical

A

weight of the mass applied at the end of the string

47
Q

how can we also experiment how varying the mass of the object affects acceleration produced by a constant force.

what is the hypothesis

A

force is constant/ we keep the mass applied to the end of the string the same. we add a weight to the car eg 200g and measure the acceleration now. we continue to increase the mass added to the car.

as we increase the mass of the car the acceleration will decrease.

48
Q

what causes the velocity of an object to change.

A

velocity will only change if there is a non zero resultant force acting on it.

49
Q

what will produce acceleration an what are the five different forms can acceleration take up.

A

a non 0, unbalanced resultant force. starting, stopping, speeding up, slowing down, changing direction

50
Q

what does it mean if objects/ forces are in equilibrium

A

The resultant force is 0

51
Q

what causes a force on earth

A

The force of gravity close to the earth is due to the gravitational field around the earth

52
Q

what does weight depend on

A

the weight of an object depends on the gravitational field strength at the point where the object is.

example
Gravitational field strength (g) is measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg). The Earth’s gravitational field strength is 9.8 N/kg. This means that for each kg of mass, an object will experience 9.8 N of force. Where there is a weaker gravitational field, the weight of an object is smaller.

53
Q

what is work measured in

A

joules ( J )

54
Q

work ///capacity///?

A

One joule of work is done when a force of one newton causes a displacement of one metre.

1 joule = 1 newton meter

55
Q

what forces are involved in the compression, stretching and bending of a material

A

push and pull forces

56
Q

what is spring constant and what is it measured in

A

spring constant tells how stiff a spring is and is measures in newtons per meter

57
Q

what store does compressing or stretching (extension) do work in ?

A

a force that stretches or compressed a spring does work, and elastic potential energy is stored in the string.

58
Q

what is a linear relationship between force and extension

A

forces id directly proportional to extensions

59
Q

what is a non linear relationship between force and extension?

A

does not obey Hookes law there for force is not directly proportional to Hookes law

60
Q

what equation if used to work out work done in stretching or compressing a spring

A

elastic potential energy= 0.5 x spring constant x extension [squared]

physics (7 decks)

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