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BMAT Physics > WAVES AND PERIODIC MOTION > Flashcards

WAVES AND PERIODIC MOTION Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave

A

transfer of energy and momentum from one point to another

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2
Q

what does a wave transfer

A

energy and momentum

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3
Q

what happens during energy transfer

A

each particle in the medium vibrates in
simple harmonic motion respectively to an equilibrium point

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4
Q

what are the two types of wave

A

mechanical and electromagnetic

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5
Q

what are the two types of mechanical wave

A

transverse and longitudinal

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6
Q

what is a transverse wave

A

wave that causes the medium to be displaced perpendicularly to the
direction the wave is traveling

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7
Q

what is a longitudinal wave

A

a wave that causes the medium to be displaced parallel to the
the direction the wave is traveling

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8
Q

example of transverse waves

A

waves on a guitar string are transverse
waves

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9
Q

example of longitudinal waves

A

waves from sound are longitudinal waves

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10
Q

what is wavelength

A

measured from any point in the wave to the point where the wave begins to repeat itself.

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11
Q

what is frequency

A

the number of wavelengths that pass a single fixed point in one second

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12
Q

what is wavelength measured in

A

metres

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13
Q

what is frequency measured in

A

Hz

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14
Q

how do you calculate the velocity of a wave

A

velocity = f x wavelength

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15
Q

what is amplitude

A

maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium point

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16
Q

what is intensity

A

square of amplitude

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17
Q

what is amplitude always gonna be

A

positive

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18
Q

what is a period

A

number of seconds it takes for one wavelength to pass a fixed point.

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19
Q

what is the mathematical property of a period

A

reciprocal of frequency

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20
Q

how do you calculate a period

A

T = 1/f

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21
Q

what is the easiest way to measure wavelenth

A

from crest to crest or trough to trough of a transverse wave

22
Q

what is a wave’s distance from the x axis representing

A

distance from the source

23
Q

what is a wave’s distance from the y axis representing

A

displacement/elevation

24
Q

what is ‘in phase’ waves

A

two waves begin at the same point and have the same wavelength

25
Q

what happens when two transverse waves share the same space

A

displacements add together at each point along to wave

26
Q

what is interference

A

superposition of waves > new wave

27
Q

what are the two types of interference

A

constructive and destructive

28
Q

what is constructive interference

A

waves add together to create a wave with a larger displacement than either original wave

29
Q

what is destructive interference

A

waves add together to create a wave with a smaller displacement than either original wave

30
Q

what happens in constructive interference

A

wave peak comes upon wave peak causing amplification

31
Q

what happens in destructive interference

A

wave peak comes upon wave trough causing extinction

32
Q

what happens when a series of waves hit an object

A

cause vibrations within the object

33
Q

what happens if the object itself vibrates due to the wave hitting on the object

A

If the series of waves cause an object to vibrate at one of its natural frequencies, this phenomenon is termed resonance

34
Q

when does resonance only occur

A

only occurs when the first object is vibrating at the natural frequency of the second object.

35
Q

how are standing waves produced

A

from the repeated interference of two waves of identical frequency moving in opposite directions along the same medium

36
Q

what is the structural composition of standing waves

A

All standing waves consist of nodes and antinodes

37
Q

what do nodes on a graph look like

A

nodes are amplitude 0

anti nodes are maximum amplitude points

38
Q

what does nodes result from

A

the destructive interference of the two waves and are therefore points of no displacement

39
Q

what does antinodes result from

A

from the constructive interference of the two waves and therefore undergo maximum displacement from the rest position

40
Q

amplitude can also be seen as what motion property

A

displacement

41
Q

no amplitude suggests

A

no displacement

42
Q

what is a harmonic series

A

list of the wavelengths from largest to smallest of the possible standing waves

43
Q

how are harmonics numbered

A

from the longest to shortest wavelength

44
Q

what does the first harmonic contain

A

fewest number of nodes, which is two (frequency N)

45
Q

what does the second harmonic contain

A

has one more node than the first harmonic
4 nodes
(frequency 2N)

46
Q

how does each successive harmonic vary from it’s previous one

A

one more node from before

47
Q

how would we calculate the frequency of the 5th harmonic

A

3 x N

48
Q

what is periodic motion

A

Motion that is regular and repeating

49
Q

contextualise periodic motion to most objects

A

Most objects that vibrate do so in a regular and repeated fashion, and thus their vibrations are periodic

50
Q

how must the vibrations be within an object for it to be considered periodic motion

A

vibrate in a regular and repeated fashion

BMAT Physics (12 decks)

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