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BMAT Physics > FLUIDS AND SOLIDS > Flashcards

FLUIDS AND SOLIDS Flashcards

1
Q

what is a fluid

A

either a liquid or a gas

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2
Q

describe the movement of molecules of a fluid

A

molecules in a fluid are not arranged in any order
or structure and thus move about in random directions relative to each other

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3
Q

describe the actual molecules of fluids

A

bond weakly, spin, and move past each other

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4
Q

describe the movement of molecules in solids

A

held in place by permanent molecular bonds

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5
Q

describe the actual molecules of solids

A

molecules bond strongly and vibrate in a fixed position

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6
Q

what is density defined as

A

the amount of mass (m) a fluid contains in a specified volume (V)

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7
Q

what is density really a ratio of

A

mass to volume

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8
Q

what is the density equation

A

p = m/V

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9
Q

what are the units for density

A

g/cm3
kg/m3

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10
Q

rank each state of matter from most dense to least dense

A

solid > liquid > gas

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11
Q

what is unique about gases as the least dense matter

A

can be compressed unlike solids and liquids

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12
Q

what is specific gravity

A

ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water

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13
Q

what is the specific gravity equation

A

S.G. = ρsubstance/ρwater

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14
Q

breakdown the specific gravity equation

A

specific gravity = density of a substance divided by the density of water

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15
Q

what happens is specific gravity is less than 1

A

a substance lighter than water

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16
Q

what happens is specific gravity is 1

A

substance equally as heavy as water.

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17
Q

what happens is specific gravity is more than 1

A

a substance heavier than water

18
Q

what is the density of water

A

1g/ml = 1g/cm3.
1g/cm3 = 10^3kg/m3

19
Q

relate the specific gravity os mercury to water

A

mercury has a specific gravity of 13.63, so lifting a container full of mercury will be equivalent to lifting 13.63 of the same containers filled with water

20
Q

what is pressure

A

(P) can be defined as the force (F) per unit area (A)

21
Q

what is the equation for pressure

A

P = F/A

22
Q

breakdown equation of pressure

A

F = perpendicular force to area in Newtons (N)
P = pressure in Pascal (Pa).
A = area in square meters (m2)

23
Q

what is 1 pascal equal to

A

1 Pa = 1 N/m2

24
Q

how is pressure related to energy

A

potential energy per unit volume

25
Q

what is the pressure equation used to calculate potential energy

A

P = ρgh

26
Q

breakdown the pressure equation for potential energy

A

P = pressure (Pa)
ρ = density of a gas or fluid (kg/m3)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s2)
h = the height of a column of gas or fluid (m)

27
Q

what are the two things pressure represents

A
  1. force per an area
  2. potential energy per volume
28
Q

what happens the pressure on a fluid at a certain depth

A

At a certain depth, the pressure of the fluid is the same in all directions

29
Q

how does the shape of a contained affect fluid pressure

A

The shape or surface area of the container does not affect fluid pressure

30
Q

how does fluid pressure exert their forces

A

Fluids exert forces that are always 90 degrees (perpendicular) to the surface of the container

31
Q

what is the pressure of a fluid directly proportional to

A

pressure of a fluid is directly proportional to the density of the fluid and to its depth

32
Q

what is buoyant force

A

When an object is submerged in water (object replaces water), an upward force acts on the submerged object

33
Q

what is archimedes’ principle

A

buoyant force (Fb) is an upward force that acts on
a submerged object and equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the submerged
object

34
Q

what is the buoyant force equation

A

Fb = ρfluid x V x g

35
Q

break down the buoyant force equation

A

buoyant force = fluid density x volume of fluid x acceleration due to gravity

36
Q

what are the two types of fluid motion

A

laminar flow
turbulent flow

37
Q

what is laminar flow

A

all the particles in the fluid are moving in a straight line

38
Q

describe the movement of particles in laminar flow

A

same rate + same direction

39
Q

what is turbulent flow

A

irregular flow of particles where they move in a state of chaos

40
Q

describe the movement of particles in turbulent flow

A

some particles opposing the direction of others and causing collisions

BMAT Physics (12 decks)

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