FLUIDS AND SOLIDS Flashcards
what is a fluid
either a liquid or a gas
describe the movement of molecules of a fluid
molecules in a fluid are not arranged in any order
or structure and thus move about in random directions relative to each other
describe the actual molecules of fluids
bond weakly, spin, and move past each other
describe the movement of molecules in solids
held in place by permanent molecular bonds
describe the actual molecules of solids
molecules bond strongly and vibrate in a fixed position
what is density defined as
the amount of mass (m) a fluid contains in a specified volume (V)
what is density really a ratio of
mass to volume
what is the density equation
p = m/V
what are the units for density
g/cm3
kg/m3
rank each state of matter from most dense to least dense
solid > liquid > gas
what is unique about gases as the least dense matter
can be compressed unlike solids and liquids
what is specific gravity
ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water
what is the specific gravity equation
S.G. = ρsubstance/ρwater
breakdown the specific gravity equation
specific gravity = density of a substance divided by the density of water
what happens is specific gravity is less than 1
a substance lighter than water
what happens is specific gravity is 1
substance equally as heavy as water.
what happens is specific gravity is more than 1
a substance heavier than water
what is the density of water
1g/ml = 1g/cm3.
1g/cm3 = 10^3kg/m3
relate the specific gravity os mercury to water
mercury has a specific gravity of 13.63, so lifting a container full of mercury will be equivalent to lifting 13.63 of the same containers filled with water
what is pressure
(P) can be defined as the force (F) per unit area (A)
what is the equation for pressure
P = F/A
breakdown equation of pressure
F = perpendicular force to area in Newtons (N)
P = pressure in Pascal (Pa).
A = area in square meters (m2)
what is 1 pascal equal to
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
how is pressure related to energy
potential energy per unit volume
what is the pressure equation used to calculate potential energy
P = ρgh
breakdown the pressure equation for potential energy
P = pressure (Pa)
ρ = density of a gas or fluid (kg/m3)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80 m/s2)
h = the height of a column of gas or fluid (m)
what are the two things pressure represents
- force per an area
- potential energy per volume
what happens the pressure on a fluid at a certain depth
At a certain depth, the pressure of the fluid is the same in all directions
how does the shape of a contained affect fluid pressure
The shape or surface area of the container does not affect fluid pressure
how does fluid pressure exert their forces
Fluids exert forces that are always 90 degrees (perpendicular) to the surface of the container
what is the pressure of a fluid directly proportional to
pressure of a fluid is directly proportional to the density of the fluid and to its depth
what is buoyant force
When an object is submerged in water (object replaces water), an upward force acts on the submerged object
what is archimedes’ principle
buoyant force (Fb) is an upward force that acts on
a submerged object and equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the submerged
object
what is the buoyant force equation
Fb = ρfluid x V x g
break down the buoyant force equation
buoyant force = fluid density x volume of fluid x acceleration due to gravity
what are the two types of fluid motion
laminar flow
turbulent flow
what is laminar flow
all the particles in the fluid are moving in a straight line
describe the movement of particles in laminar flow
same rate + same direction
what is turbulent flow
irregular flow of particles where they move in a state of chaos
describe the movement of particles in turbulent flow
some particles opposing the direction of others and causing collisions
