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Physics GIC > Waves And Oscillation > Flashcards

Waves And Oscillation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define waves (3)

A

-an oscillation that propagates from one place to another
-they oscillate at well defined speeds determined by the property of the material
-they carry energy

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2
Q

State 2 types of waves (2)

A

-Longitudinal
-transverse

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3
Q

Define transverse waves (2)

A

-a wave in which particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave travel
-they show crest and troughs

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4
Q

State examples of transverse waves (2)

A

-light
-electromagnetic waves

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5
Q

Define longitudinal waves (2)

A

-a wave in which particles oscillate parallel to the direction of wave and energy transfer
-they show areas of compression and rarefaction

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6
Q

What does compression mean (1)

A

-areas of increased pressure and density

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7
Q

What does rarefaction mean (1)

A

-areas of decreased pressure

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8
Q

State examples of longitudinal waves (2)

A

-sound waves
-ultrasound waves

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9
Q

Why are longitudinal and transverse waves also called as harmonic waves (2)

A

-because they’re waves where the pattern of disturbance repeats regularly

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10
Q

What are the key features of harmonic waves (3)

A

-equal spacing
-regular pattern
-well defined frequency

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11
Q

How is energy transmitted through longitudinal waves (3)

A

-particles in the medium vibrate as they are given energy
-the compression causes the nearby particles to also vibrate with more energy
-this produces a compression further along the medium

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12
Q

Define wavelength (2)

A

-distance over which a wave repeats
-length of one whole cycle

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13
Q

Define frequency (1)

A

-number of vibration per unit time passing a given point

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14
Q

Define period (1)

A

-the time taken for a whole cycle to complete

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15
Q

Define amplitude (1)

A

-maximum displacement of a wave from its stationary point

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16
Q

State the formula of frequency (2)

A

F = 1/ period

F = speed of wave / wavelength

17
Q

State the formula for speed of wave (1)

A

Speed of wave = distance / time

18
Q

What is the speed of sound in air under normal ATM and temperature (1)

A

V = 343m/s

19
Q

How is speed determined in solids (1)

A

-the stiffer the material, the faster the sound wave is

(Sometimes to calculate speed of sound you may have to use Kinematics equations)

20
Q

You drop a stone from rest into a well that is 7.35m deep. How long does it take before you hear a splash (3)

A

Distance = UT + 1/2at^2
7.35 = 0xt + 1/2x9.81xt2
T= 1.22

Distance = velocity x time
7.35/343
T = 0.0214s

T = T1 + T2
0.0214 + 1.22
=1.24s

21
Q

How is the pitch of sound determined (1)

A

By frequency

22
Q

What is the range of pitch humans can hear (1)

A

20Hz - 20,000Hz

23
Q

Define ultrasonic (1)

A

Sounds with the frequencies above the human hearing range

24
Q

Define infrasonic (1)

A

Sounds with frequencies below the human hearing range

25
Q

What are the medical application of ultrasonic (1)

A

-used to image a fetus in the womb by sending burst of ultrasound into the body and measuring the time delay of echos

26
Q

How is the loudness of sound determined and define it (2)

A

-By Intensity
-which is by the amount of energy that passes through a given area in a given time

27
Q

State the formula for intensity of sound (2)

A

Intensity = energy/ (area x time)

Intensity = power/area

28
Q

Why does the intensity of sound decreases as we move away from the sound
And state a formula for intensity with respect to distance (2)

A

-energy emerged per time by the source spreads out over a large area

Intensity with distance = power/ (4 x pie x distance^2)
SI unit = w/m^2

OR

Intensity2 = (distance1 / distance2)^2 x intensity1. [this formula is used when have to find another intensity]

29
Q

How is the speed of a wave determined (1)

A

-by the properties of the medium through which it propagates

Speed = distance/time

30
Q

What are the characteristics that determine the speed of a wave (2)

A

-tension in the string
-mass of the string

31
Q

Why is tension required to form a wave ? (2)

A

-it provides the restoring force necessary to establish and sustain a wave motion
-if the tension is increases the string becomes less slack so waves will travel though the string more rapidly

32
Q

How does mass affect the motion of wave (2)

A

-the heavier a rope or string, the slower the speed of wave on it
-because a heavy string responds slowly to a given disturbance due to its inertia

33
Q

State the equation of mass per length (1)

A

Mass per length = mass / length

34
Q

State the equation of speed of wave on a string (1)

A

Speed = square root ( force / mass per length )

35
Q

A rope of length L and mass M hangs from a ceiling. If the bottom of the rope is given a gentle wiggle, a wave will travel to the top of the rope. As the wave travels upwards does it’s speed increase, decrease or stay the same (4)

A

Increases
-because mass per length is same top to bottom
-tension is zero at the bottom and increases to MG ti the top
-tension increases with height so does speed

36
Q

Define periodic motion (1)

A

A motion that repeats itself over time

Physics GIC (8 decks)

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