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Physics GCSE > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are waves caused by

A

Vibrations

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2
Q

What do vibrations pass through

A

Particles

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3
Q

Define Transverse waves

A

Transverse waves are waves in which the direction of vibrations of particles is perpendicular to the direction that energy transfers

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4
Q

Examples of Transverse waves?

A

Water waves, electromagnetic waves and waves on a slinky

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5
Q

Define longitudal waves

A

Longitudal waves are waves in which the direction of vibration of the particles are in parallel to the direction that energy transfers

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6
Q

Examples of Longitudal Waves?

A

Sound waves and on a slinky

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7
Q

What do you call the top of a wave

A

Peak / Crest

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8
Q

What do you call the bottom of the wave

A

Trough

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9
Q

What is one wavelength

A

Peak to peak

Trough to Trough

Or

Compression to Compression

Rare fraction to rare fraction

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10
Q

How do you measure the amplitude

A

From peak to middle point

Or

From trough to middle point

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11
Q

Name of symbol for wavelength and unit?

A

“lambda” (λ) and in meters

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12
Q

Symbol for wave speed and unit?

A

V , m/s

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13
Q

Unit/Symbol for wave frequency

A

Hz

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14
Q

Unit and Symbol for time period

A

T , s (seconds)

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15
Q

Define wave frequency

A

How many complete waves can pass a fixed position in one second

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16
Q

Define time period

A

Time it takes for 1 complete wave to pass a fixed point

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17
Q

Equations that links time period and wave frequency ?

A

f = 1/T

T = 1/ f

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18
Q

Equation that links wave speed, wave frequency and wave length?

A

V = f *(λ)

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19
Q

What is 1 wavelength in a Longitudal wave

A

From the middle of one compression to the middle of another

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20
Q

What is a compression in a lomgitudal wave diagram

A

Where the particles are closest together

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21
Q

What is rarefaction in a longitudal wave diagram

A

Where the particles are the longest distance away from each other

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22
Q

What is the speed of light

A

C = 3*10^8 m/s

C= f * λ

C = λ / T

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23
Q

Order the electromagnetic spectrum from largest wavelength and smallest frequency to smallest wavelength and largest frequency

A

Radio waves

Micro waves

Infared waves

Visible light

UV

X-Rays

Gamma Rays

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24
Q

Range of electromagnetic spectrum ?

A

From 10m^-16 to 10^4

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25
Q

What are radio waves used for

A

Tv radio and Bluetooth

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26
Q

What are microwaves used for

A

Mobile phones satellite and cooking

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27
Q

Why are microwaves used for satellite communication

A

As they can pass through the atmosphere

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28
Q

What are infared waves used for

A

Remote control and heat transfer

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29
Q

What is UV used for

A

Security marking

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30
Q

What are x-rays used for

A

Medical imagery

31
Q

What are gamma rays used for

A

Sterilising surgical instruments and killing bacteria in food

32
Q

Properties of X-Rays

A

They are absorbed by metal and bone

They are transmitted by healthy tissue

33
Q

Hazards of microwaves

A

Heating body tissue

34
Q

Hazards of infared

A

Skin burns

35
Q

Hazards of UV

A

Skin cancer and blindness

36
Q

Hazards of X-Rays

A

High dosage kills cells

37
Q

Hazards of gamma rays

A

Genetic mutation

38
Q

What type of waves are sound waves

A

Longitudal waves

39
Q

How do we hear

A

Sound waves cause the ear drum and other parts to vibrate which causes the sensation of sound

40
Q

Any waves can be…

A

Reflected
Refracted
Diffracted
Interfered

41
Q

Define ultrasound waves

A

Ultrasound waves are sound waves above 20,000Hz

42
Q

How does light defract when light is travelling from air to glass

A

Light bends TOWARDS the normal

43
Q

How does light refract when travelling from glass to air

A

light bends AWAY from the normal

44
Q

What is the normal

A

An imaginary line that is perpendicular to the surface light hits

45
Q

If the angle of incidence is 0 degrees where does the angle refract

A

No change

46
Q

What is the focal point

A

Where all the light rays converge

47
Q

What is the focal length

A

The distance from the lens to the focal point

48
Q

What is the principle axis

A

A horizontal line perpendicular to the normal

49
Q

If a light ray goes through the centre of a lens what happens

A

No change

50
Q

What is the equation that links magnification, image size and object size

A

Magnification= image size/object size

51
Q

How do you work out object and image size

A

The distance from the principle axis to the image or object

52
Q

What 2 qualities are always together (real)

A

Real and inverted

53
Q

What 2 qualities are always together (virtual)

A

Upright and virtual

54
Q

How are radio waves produced

A

By the oscillations of electrical circuits

55
Q

What happens when radio waves are received

A

They create an alternating current in the circuit with the same frequency as the radio waves

56
Q

What wave has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength

A

Radio waves

57
Q

Which wave has the highest frequency and the shortest wavelength

A

Gamma rays

58
Q

Why are microwaves used by satellites

A

As they can pass through the ionosphere

59
Q

Uses of visible light

A

Fibre optic cables

60
Q

What’s another name for a converging lens

A

Convex lens

61
Q

What’s another name for concave lens

A

Diverging lens

62
Q

How do lenses form images

A

By refracting light

63
Q

Concave lenses always make images with what qualities

A

Virtual image that is upright and smaller then the object

64
Q

What are black bodies

A

The ultimate emitters

65
Q

What is a perfect black body

A

An object that absorbs all radiation that hits it. No radiation is reflected or transmitted

66
Q

What affects how an object emits wavelengths

A

Temperature affects the intensity and distribution of the wavelength emitted by an object

67
Q

As the temp. of an object increases what happens

A

The intensity of every emitted wavelength increases

68
Q

What causes the peak wavelength to decrease

A

The intensity increases more rapidly for shorter wavelengths

69
Q

All waves can be…

A

Absorbed- waves are absorbed by the material the wave is trying to cross

Transmitted-the waves carry on travelling through the new material

Reflected- the waves are just reflected, nuff said

70
Q

How do you use ultrasound to measure distances

A

Use speed = distance/ time

But divide by 2 at end to account for bouncing back

70
Q

What changes when all waves move to a denser medium

A

To obey wave equation, wavespeed slows down so wavelength shortens

frequency never changes.

71
Q

What is a mirror with a flat surface called

A

A plane mirror

72
Q

What images do plane mirrors always produce

A

An upright virtual image

as the rays are diverging

73
Q

What colour absorbs light and reflects less

A

Dark coloured paints

Physics GCSE (5 decks)

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