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Physics GCSE > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are waves caused by

A

Vibrations

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2
Q

What do vibrations pass through

A

Particles

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3
Q

Define Transverse waves

A

Transverse waves are waves in which the direction of vibrations of particles is perpendicular to the direction that energy transfers

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4
Q

Examples of Transverse waves?

A

Water waves, electromagnetic waves and waves on a slinky

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5
Q

Define longitudal waves

A

Longitudal waves are waves in which the direction of vibration of the particles are in parallel to the direction that energy transfers

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6
Q

Examples of Longitudal Waves?

A

Sound waves and on a slinky

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7
Q

What do you call the top of a wave

A

Peak / Crest

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8
Q

What do you call the bottom of the wave

A

Trough

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9
Q

What is one wavelength

A

Peak to peak

Trough to Trough

Or

Compression to Compression

Rare fraction to rare fraction

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10
Q

How do you measure the amplitude

A

From peak to middle point

Or

From trough to middle point

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11
Q

Name of symbol for wavelength and unit?

A

“lambda” (λ) and in meters

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12
Q

Symbol for wave speed and unit?

A

V , m/s

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13
Q

Unit/Symbol for wave frequency

A

Hz

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14
Q

Unit and Symbol for time period

A

T , s (seconds)

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15
Q

Define wave frequency

A

How many complete waves can pass a fixed position in one second

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16
Q

Define time period

A

Time it takes for 1 complete wave to pass a fixed point

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17
Q

Equations that links time period and wave frequency ?

A

f = 1/T

T = 1/ f

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18
Q

Equation that links wave speed, wave frequency and wave length?

A

V = f *(λ)

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19
Q

What is 1 wavelength in a Longitudal wave

A

From the middle of one compression to the middle of another

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20
Q

What is a compression in a lomgitudal wave diagram

A

Where the particles are closest together

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21
Q

What is rarefaction in a longitudal wave diagram

A

Where the particles are the longest distance away from each other

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22
Q

What is the speed of light

A

C = 3*10^8 m/s

C= f * λ

C = λ / T

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23
Q

Order the electromagnetic spectrum from largest wavelength and smallest frequency to smallest wavelength and largest frequency

A

Radio waves

Micro waves

Infared waves

Visible light

UV

X-Rays

Gamma Rays

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24
Q

Range of electromagnetic spectrum ?

A

From 10m^-16 to 10^4

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25
What are radio waves used for
Tv radio and Bluetooth
26
What are microwaves used for
Mobile phones satellite and cooking
27
Why are microwaves used for satellite communication
As they can pass through the atmosphere
28
What are infared waves used for
Remote control and heat transfer
29
What is UV used for
Security marking
30
What are x-rays used for
Medical imagery
31
What are gamma rays used for
Sterilising surgical instruments and killing bacteria in food
32
Properties of X-Rays
They are absorbed by metal and bone They are transmitted by healthy tissue
33
Hazards of microwaves
Heating body tissue
34
Hazards of infared
Skin burns
35
Hazards of UV
Skin cancer and blindness
36
Hazards of X-Rays
High dosage kills cells
37
Hazards of gamma rays
Genetic mutation
38
What type of waves are sound waves
Longitudal waves
39
How do we hear
Sound waves cause the ear drum and other parts to vibrate which causes the sensation of sound
40
Any waves can be...
Reflected Refracted Diffracted Interfered
41
Define ultrasound waves
Ultrasound waves are sound waves above 20,000Hz
42
How does light defract when light is travelling from air to glass
Light bends TOWARDS the normal
43
How does light refract when travelling from glass to air
light bends AWAY from the normal
44
What is the normal
An imaginary line that is perpendicular to the surface light hits
45
If the angle of incidence is 0 degrees where does the angle refract
No change
46
What is the focal point
Where all the light rays converge
47
What is the focal length
The distance from the lens to the focal point
48
What is the principle axis
A horizontal line perpendicular to the normal
49
If a light ray goes through the centre of a lens what happens
No change
50
What is the equation that links magnification, image size and object size
Magnification= image size/object size
51
How do you work out object and image size
The distance from the principle axis to the image or object
52
What 2 qualities are always together (real)
Real and inverted
53
What 2 qualities are always together (virtual)
Upright and virtual
54
How are radio waves produced
By the oscillations of electrical circuits
55
What happens when radio waves are received
They create an alternating current in the circuit with the same frequency as the radio waves
56
What wave has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength
Radio waves
57
Which wave has the highest frequency and the shortest wavelength
Gamma rays
58
Why are microwaves used by satellites
As they can pass through the ionosphere
59
Uses of visible light
Fibre optic cables
60
What’s another name for a converging lens
Convex lens
61
What’s another name for concave lens
Diverging lens
62
How do lenses form images
By refracting light
63
Concave lenses always make images with what qualities
Virtual image that is upright and smaller then the object
64
What are black bodies
The ultimate emitters
65
What is a perfect black body
An object that absorbs all radiation that hits it. No radiation is reflected or transmitted
66
What affects how an object emits wavelengths
Temperature affects the intensity and distribution of the wavelength emitted by an object
67
As the temp. of an object increases what happens
The intensity of every emitted wavelength increases
68
What causes the peak wavelength to decrease
The intensity increases more rapidly for shorter wavelengths
69
All waves can be...
Absorbed- waves are absorbed by the material the wave is trying to cross Transmitted-the waves carry on travelling through the new material Reflected- the waves are just reflected, nuff said
70
How do you use ultrasound to measure distances
Use speed = distance/ time But divide by 2 at end to account for bouncing back
70
What changes when all waves move to a denser medium
To obey wave equation, wavespeed slows down so wavelength shortens frequency never changes.
71
What is a mirror with a flat surface called
A plane mirror
72
What images do plane mirrors always produce
An upright virtual image as the rays are diverging
73
What colour absorbs light and reflects less
Dark coloured paints

Physics GCSE (5 decks)

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