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Physics GCSE > Atomic Model and Radioactivity > Flashcards

Atomic Model and Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Most alpha particles went straight through the foil

A

Atoms are mostly empty space

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2
Q

Few were deflected at large angles or straight back

A

The nucleus is v. dense, small and contains all the positive matter

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3
Q

Mass number

A

no. of protons plus neutrons

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4
Q

Atomic number

A

no. of protons

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5
Q

What is the notation of atomic no. and mass no.

A

The mass number is top ( A )

The atomic number is bottom ( Z )

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6
Q

What is mass number shortened to

A

A

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7
Q

What is atomic number shortened to

A

Z

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8
Q

Define an isotope

A

atoms with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons

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9
Q

What is emitted in alpha decay

A

helium nuclei/alpha particle

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10
Q

What is the effect on A and Z in alpha decay

A

A decreases by 4, Z decreases by 2 and a new element created to balance

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11
Q

Describe alpha decay

A

2 neutrons and 2 protons are emitted from the nucleus

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12
Q

What is emitted in beta decay

A

high energy electron

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13
Q

describe beta decay

A

a neutron in the nucleus decays into a proton so a high energy electron is emitted

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14
Q

charge of alpha radiation

A

+2

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15
Q

Charge of beta radiation

A

-1

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16
Q

Charge of gamma radiation

A

no charge

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17
Q

Effect on A and Z in beta decay

A

A stays the same, Z increases by 1 and a new element to balance

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18
Q

What is emitted in gamma radiation

A

High energy EM radiation

19
Q

Description of gamma radiation

A

Nucleus changes shape into a more stable shape, gamma radiation emitted as a result

20
Q

Effect on A and Z in gamma

A

No change

21
Q

What stops alpha

A

Skin or Paper

22
Q

What stops beta

A

Thin lead or aluminium (3mm)

23
Q

What reduces gamma

A

Thick lead or concrete

24
Q

Range of alpha in air

A

5cm

25
Q

Range of beta in air

A

1m

26
Q

Range of gamma in air

A

unlimited

27
Q

What is gamma used for

A

to kill bacteria, mould and insects on food and hospital equipment

Leak detection

medical tracers

Radiotherapy

28
Q

what is nuclear fission

A

a neutron is absorbed into a nucleus causes the nucleus to become violently unstable.

The entire nucleus splits into two large fragments called ‘daughter nuclei’. In addition to the ‘daughter’ products, two or three neutrons also explode out and these can collide with other uranium nuclei

Causing a chain reaction

29
Q

what must first occur before fission

A

induced fission must occur

30
Q

What is induced fission

A

nucleus absorbing a neutron

31
Q

Where does nuclear fission take place

A

in a nuclear reactor

32
Q

What is nuclear fusion

A

smaller nuclei fuse to form large nucleus, needs lots of energy so only happens in stars

33
Q

Where does nuclear fusion occur

A

only in stars

34
Q

What is the lowest energy level called

A

ground state

35
Q

What is the higher energy level called

A

Excited state

36
Q

What is the highest energy level called

A

ionisation level

37
Q

electron falls from high to low energy level

A

EM radiation is released

38
Q

Electron jumps from low to high

A

energy is absorbed by EM radiation

39
Q

what does quantised energy levels mean

A

it means electrons cant stay between energy levels

40
Q

What must be exact to jump to a higher energy level

A

the amount of energy

41
Q

How is beta deflected in an electric field

A

it is deflected towards positive as it has a NEGATIVE charge

42
Q

How is alpha deflected in an electric field

A

it is deflected towards negative as it has positive but less as it has more mass

43
Q

How is gamma deflected in an electric field

A

it isn’t deflected at all as it has no charge

Physics GCSE (5 decks)

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