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Physics GCSE > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Scalar Measurements

A

Measurements with only magnitude

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2
Q

What are Vector measurements

A

Measurements with magnitude and direction

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3
Q

Examples of Scalar Measurements

A

Speed, Distance, mass, temp. and time

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4
Q

Examples of Vector Measurements

A

Force,Velocity ,Displacement,acceleration and momentum

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5
Q

What is the equation that links speed,distance and time

A

Speed = Distance/time

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6
Q

What is the equation that links acceleration,change in distance and time

A

Acceleration = Change in distance/time

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7
Q

Define acceleration

A

Quantity that tells us how quickly an objects velocity is changing

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8
Q

Define Deceleration/Retardation

A

How quickly an objects velocity is decreasing

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9
Q

What does the gradient of a Distance/Time graph tell us

A

Tell us how fast the object is travelling and no gradient means it is stationary

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10
Q

What does the gradient of a Velocity/Time graph tell us

A
  • Line going up shows acceleration
  • Line going down shows retardation
  • Flat gradient shows constant speed/stationary so 0 acceleration
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11
Q

How do you work out the acceleration from a velocity/time graph

A

You work out the gradient

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12
Q

How do you work out the distance travelled from a Velocity/Time graph

A

You work out the area of the graph

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13
Q

What is the equation that links weight,mass and gravitational field strength

A

Weight = mass * gravitational field strength

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14
Q

What is gravitational field strength (unless told explicitly to use another value)

A

g = 9.8 N/kg

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15
Q

How are forces represented in diagram

A

Forces are represented by arrows. The size of the arrow represents magnitude while direction shows direction of the force

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16
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight

A

Mass is substance measured in kg

Weight is the force objects experience due to gravity

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17
Q

How do you work out the resultant force

A

1) Add forces together
2) if resultant force is 0 the object will stay moving in that direction at constant speed
3) if resultant force is more than 0 it will accelerate in that direction

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18
Q

What is the equation for Pythagoras

A

a^2 + b^2 = c^2

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19
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

When an object falls and the 2 forces balance out over time

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20
Q

How do you work out diagrams when there is no angle involved

A

1) choose an appropriate scale
2) Draw a scaled diagram using ruler and protractor
3) to work out magnitude measure length of diagonal line and multiply length by scale

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21
Q

How do you work out diagrams when 2 components are perpendicular to each other

A

look at notes for example

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22
Q

What is Newtons 1st law

A

a stationary object stays stationary

a moving object continues to move at the same velocity unless enacted upon by an external force

23
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law

A

Force= Mass*Acceleration

24
Q

What is Newtons 3rd law

A

For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction this is why we don’t fall through a chair when we sit on it.

25
Q

Define a contact force

A

-When 2 objects have to be touching for a force to act

26
Q

Define a non-contact force

A

-When 2 objects don’t have to be touching

27
Q

What is the equation that links force,spring constant and extension

A

Force= spring constant*extension

28
Q

What are the units for spring constant

A

N/m

29
Q

What are the units for acceleration

A

m/s/s or m/s^2

30
Q

What is the equation that links kinetic energy,mass and velocity

A

KE = 0.5MassVelocity^2

31
Q

What is the equation that links Gravity potential energy,mass,gravitational field strength and change in height

A

GPE= mass*g *change in height

32
Q

What is the equation for efficiency

A

Useful Energy
Efficiency = ——————— * 100
Total Energy

33
Q

Define Efficiency

A

How much energy we supply that is turned into useful energy

34
Q

What is the equation that links Power,energy and time

A

Power(watts)= energy (j) / (time (s)

35
Q

What is the equation that links work done,force and distance

A

• Work Done = Force*Distance

36
Q

What is the equation that links momentum,mass and velocity

A

• Momentum (kgm/s) = mass * velocity

37
Q

What is the unit for momentum

A

(kgm/s)

38
Q

What is the Law of conservation of momentum

A

• When 2 or more objects collide, the total momentum conserved before and after is the same, so you add the momentum

39
Q

What is the equation that links moment,force applied * distance to pivot

A

Moment= Force applied * distance to pivot (clockwise or anti)

40
Q

What is the equation for stopping distance

A

Stopping distance = braking distance + thinking distance

41
Q

Define centre of mass

A

the weight of an object can be considered to act at a single point

42
Q

How do levers help use less force

A

• Levers increase the distance from the pivot from the pivot, this means less force is required to get the same moment

43
Q

How do larger and smaller gears interact

A
  • If a larger gear is driven by a smaller gear, the large gear will rotate slowly but will have a greater moment
  • If a smaller gear is driven by a larger gear, the larger gear will rotate quickly but will have a smaller moment
44
Q

Define pressure

A

how much force is acting on a given area. It is measured in a unit called pascals or Nm2

45
Q

how does atmospheric pressure work

A

the pressure decreases as you go up and increases as you go down

46
Q

How do our bodies deal with pressure

A

When pressure acts on a body, it has the same outward pressure from our body, so we aren’t squished.

47
Q

What happens to out bodies as you go higher

A

When people go up and the atmospheric pressure decreases the pressure in our bodies is greater than the outward it causes internal damage and sickness.

48
Q

What is the equation for pressure in liquids

A

• pressure = height of column (m) × density of the liquid × gravitational field strength

49
Q

What is the equation for density

A

density= mass/volume

50
Q

What is the equation for pressure

A

Pressure (Pascals) = force/area

51
Q

What is the speed of sound

A

330m/s

52
Q

How does weight and upthrust interact

A

When weight = upthrust an object floats, measured by the amount of water an object displaces. The size of the upthrust depends on the size of the object i.e. going into a bath

53
Q

What do sankey diagrams show

A

the amount of chemical energy input turns into useful and wasteful energy

Physics GCSE (5 decks)

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