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Physics Daisy > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Waves

A

Transfers energy without transferring matter

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2
Q

Frenquencey

A

The number of waves passing a point per second- Hz

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3
Q

transverse waves

A

Oscillations are perpendicular to the wave direction

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4
Q

Longitudinal

A

Oscillations are parallel to the wave direction

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5
Q

Time period

A

The time taken for one complete wave to pass a point

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum height of the wave taken from the displacement or rest line to the peak

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7
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from peak to peak or trough to trough

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8
Q

Wave speed equation

A

Wavelength x frequency= wave speed

Wave speed = distance / time

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9
Q

Waves being absorbed

A

The wave transfers energy to the materials energy stores

Often energy is transferred to a thermal energy store

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10
Q

Waves transmitted

A

The wave carries on travelling through the new material - leads to refraction
Used in communications
Lenses glasses and cameras

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11
Q

Waves reflected

A

Where the incoming ray is not transmitted or absorbed but is sent back away from the second material
Echoes

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12
Q

Water evidence

A

If you drop a twig into a pool of water, ripples form on and move across the waters surface
-the ripples don’t carry the water or the twig away

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13
Q

Sound evidence

A

If you strum a guitar string and create a sound wave, the sound wave travels to your ear
It doesn’t carry the air away

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14
Q

Examples of transverse waves

A

All electromagnetic waves
S-waves
Ripples and waves in water

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15
Q

Longitudinal waves example

A

Sound waves

P-waves

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16
Q

How do longitudinal waves move?

A

They squash and stretch out the arrangement of particles in the medium they pass through
Making compressions and refractions

17
Q

Wave velocity

A

The speed at which a wave moves

18
Q

Wave front

A

A surface containing points affected by the same wave at a given time

19
Q

How do you measure the velocity if sound in air?

A

Set up oscilloscope - detected waves at each microphone are shown as separate waves
Start with two microphones next to the speaker -slowly move 1 away
Measure distance between the microphones to find 1 wavelength
Use formula wave speed = wavelength x frequency

20
Q

How do you measure the speed of water ripples using a strobe light?

A

Attach the signal generator to the dipper of a ripple tank - you can set waves at a set frequency
Turn on strobe light - see wave pattern
Alter the frequency of light
Distance between each shadow length is equal to 1 wavelength
Measure the distance

21
Q

How do you find the speed of waves in solids?

A

By measuring the frequency of sound and waves
Measure + record the length of a metal rod
Set up the apparatus making sure to the rod at its centre
Tap the rod with the hammer - write down frequency
Repeat 3 times - average
Calculate wave speed

22
Q

Wave behaviour at boundaries - absorbed

A

The wave transfers energy to the materials energy stores

Energy is often transferred to a thermal energy store

23
Q

Wave behaviour at boundaries - transmitted

A

The wave carries on travelling through the new material which leads to refractions
It’s used in communications
And lenses of glasses and cameras

24
Q

Wave behaviour at boundaries - reflected

A

Where the incoming ray is not transmitted or absorbed bit is sent back away from the second material

25
Q

What is refraction?

A

Waves travel at different speeds with different materials

26
Q

If a wave hits a boundary at an angle …

Refraction

A

The change of speed causes a change in direction

27
Q

If the wave is travelling along the normal it will …

Refraction

A

Change speed but not direction

28
Q

When does the waves bend towards the normal in refraction?

A

If it slows down

29
Q

When does the wave bend away from the normal in refraction?

A

The wave bends away from the normal if it speeds up

30
Q

What does a waves wavelength depend on during refraction?

A

How much a wave refracts depends on the wavelength

31
Q

What is the normal in refraction?

A

An imaginary line that is perpendicular to the point where the incoming wave hits the boundary

32
Q

What is the angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the incoming ray and the normal

33
Q

What is the angle of refraction?

A

The angle between the refracted ray and the normal

34
Q

Investigating refraction- method

A

Glass box in table draw round it shine light through middle
Trace incident and emergent ray
Remove block and join up two rays
Draw the normal where the light entered - use protractor to measure the AOI and AOF
Do the same for the emergent ray and repeat

Physics Daisy (11 decks)

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