Matter

Question 1

Kinetic theory of solids

Answer 1

strong forces of attraction hold the particles together in a fixed position, regular arrangement
the particles don’t have much energy in kinetic energy stores so they vibrate

Question 2

kinetic theory of liquids

Answer 2

the forces of attraction between particles are weaker
the particles are close bu can move past each other and form irregular arrangement
more energy- move slowly in random directions

Question 3

kinetic theory of gases

Answer 3

there are almost no forces between particles

particles have lots of energy and are free to move in random directions at his speeds

Question 4

density equation

Answer 4

density =. mass/ volume

Question 5

method to find a density of solids and liquids

Answer 5

measure the mass using a mass balance
put water in to a eureka can with a known density
put the solid into water with a beaker under spout
measure the volume of the displaced water- work out the density

Question 6

solid to liquid

Answer 6

melting

Question 7

liquid to gas

Answer 7

evaporating / boiling

Question 8

gas to liquid

Answer 8

condensing

Question 9

liquid to solid

Answer 9

freezing

Question 10

solid to gas

gas to solid

Answer 10

subliming

Question 11

what happens when you heat particles?

Answer 11

the extra energy us transferred into the particles kinetic energy stores, making them move faster - eventually they get enough money too overcome their attraction

Question 12

density of solids and gases

Answer 12

substances are more dense when they are solids and substances that are less dense are liquids

Question 13

specific heat capacity

Answer 13

the amount of energy need to raise the temp of a 1kg substance by 1 degree

Question 14

specific latent heat

Answer 14

the amount of energy needed to change the state of a 1kg substance

Question 15

specific latent heat equation

Answer 15

thermal energy= mass x specific latent heat

Question 16

specific heat capacity equation

Answer 16

change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity temperature change

Question 17

method to finding the specific heat capacity of water

Answer 17

use mass balance to measure mass of insulating container - fill with water and measure again
the difference in mass in the mass of water
measure temp of water
when the temp has increase record energy in joulmeter
rearrange the equation to find shc

Question 18

what should the practical look like for measuring the shc of water?

Answer 18

joulemeter/ power supply attached to the electric immersion heater
thermometer in water

Question 19

method to measuring specific latent heat if water

Answer 19

fill a beaker of ice 
place thermometer into it and record temp
bunsen burner to heat it 
every 20 secs measure temp 
plot a graph temp against time

Question 20

what do gas particles do when they move about?

Answer 20

they randomly collide with each other and the walls

Question 21

what happens when gas particles collide?

Answer 21

they exert a force

Question 22

what is a net force?

what happens?

Answer 22

all the collisions cause a net force acting outwards on the inside surface of the container - pressure

Question 23

The more particles there are in a given volume…

Answer 23

the more often they’ll collide with the walls of the container and each other so the higher the pressure it will be

Question 24

what happens if you heat the gas in a sealed container?

Answer 24

energy is transferred into the kinetic energy stores of the gas particles and they move faster - this means that the particles hit the walls harder and more often increasing the pressure

Question 25

what does absolute zero mean?

Answer 25

the coldest temperature that anything can get - -273 degrees
the particles have as little energy in their kinetic stores as its possible to get

Question 26

degrees Celsius to kelvin

Answer 26

add 273

Question 27

kelvin to degrees celsius

Answer 27

minus 273