Waves Flashcards
Vibration or oscillation
Regular,repetitive to and fro up and down motion
Wave
Caused by a continuous series of pulses or vibrations
Particles in a medium are in phase if they are??????
Vibrating perfectly in step with one another i.e. if they are moving in the same direction and of the same distance away from rest position
Wavelength
The distance between two consecutive points which are in phase
Frequency
The number of complete waves passing a point in one second
Frequency formula
F =1/T
Period of a wave
The amount of time taken for one complete wave to pass a point
Period formula
T=1/f
Speed of a wave
The distance moved by any pulse and a wave in one second
Speed of a wave formula
V=🔺x/t
The wave equation
V=f x lambda
amplitude
Maximum displacement from the position of rest
Transverse wave
A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate at 90° to the direction in which the wave moves
Longitudinal wave
A wave in which the particles of a medium vibrate parallel to the direction in which the waves move
crest
The maximum displacement above position of rest
Trough
The maximum position or displacement below rest position
Rest position or equilibrium position
Point at which there is no displacement
Compression
Area where particles are close together in a longitudinal wave
Rare faction
An area where particles are far apart and a longitudinal wave
Wavelength of a longitudinal wave
Measured from the centre of the compression to the centre of the next compression or from the centre of the rare faction to the centre of the next rare faction
pulse
A single disturbance in a medium
Does destructive interference result in a larger or smaller amplitude and explain the 2 types
Destructive interference occurs when a crest and trough meet this results in a smaller amplitude the first type of destructive interference is partial destructive interference when the weights have different amplitudes there is also total destructive interference when waves have the same attitude and they cancel each other out
Principle of superposition
When pulses cross the combine disturbance at any point is equal to the algebraic some of the disturbances
Interference
When two or more pulses interact with each other in the same space at the same time
Diffraction
When waves past the edge of a barrier or go through a gap they spread out all the bending of the wave around the edges of an obstacle or through a gap
Degree of diffraction depends on????
One the size of the gap the smaller bigger the more diffraction to wavelength this bigger the wavelength the more diffraction three size of the object the bigger the object is the more destruction
Pitch
How high or low sound is this is relative to its frequency
Volume or loudness
How loud or soft a sound is this is relative to its amplitude
Noise
Noise isn’t on pleasant sound and is it is a result of an irregular frequency or waveform
Sound
A pleasant sound as a result of a regular frequency or wave form
Tone
Sound is not monotonic i.e. does not have a single frequency sound propagates sound waves at a basic or fundamental frequency basic frequency is set in motion additional frequency waves of varying amplitudes please a harmonics or overtones
Ultrasounds
Sound of the frequency between 20,000 to 100,000 Hz used for forming images of internal body parts
Echoes
The reflection of sound against a barrier
Sonar
Sound navigation and ranging used to locate object underwater the speed of sound in water is roughly 1500 m/s
Radar
Radio and ranging used to locate object in the air this is used as an light travels faster at 3×10 to the 8 m/s in comparison to sound which travels at 330 m/s in air
Doppler effects
When a sound of a source is moving towards you the pitch sound higher than that of the source when a source moves away from you the pitch sounds lower this is known as the Doppler affect the wavefront is stretched out behind the source i.e. the pitch is lower because the frequency is Lower and Wave fronts are compressed ahead of the source pitch is higher because the frequency is higher
