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Physical Science- Science Definitions > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Vibration or oscillation

A

Regular,repetitive to and fro up and down motion

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2
Q

Wave

A

Caused by a continuous series of pulses or vibrations

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3
Q

Particles in a medium are in phase if they are??????

A

Vibrating perfectly in step with one another i.e. if they are moving in the same direction and of the same distance away from rest position

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4
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between two consecutive points which are in phase

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5
Q

Frequency

A

The number of complete waves passing a point in one second

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6
Q

Frequency formula

A

F =1/T

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7
Q

Period of a wave

A

The amount of time taken for one complete wave to pass a point

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8
Q

Period formula

A

T=1/f

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9
Q

Speed of a wave

A

The distance moved by any pulse and a wave in one second

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10
Q

Speed of a wave formula

A

V=🔺x/t

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11
Q

The wave equation

A

V=f x lambda

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12
Q

amplitude

A

Maximum displacement from the position of rest

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13
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate at 90° to the direction in which the wave moves

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14
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

A wave in which the particles of a medium vibrate parallel to the direction in which the waves move

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15
Q

crest

A

The maximum displacement above position of rest

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16
Q

Trough

A

The maximum position or displacement below rest position

17
Q

Rest position or equilibrium position

A

Point at which there is no displacement

18
Q

Compression

A

Area where particles are close together in a longitudinal wave

19
Q

Rare faction

A

An area where particles are far apart and a longitudinal wave

20
Q

Wavelength of a longitudinal wave

A

Measured from the centre of the compression to the centre of the next compression or from the centre of the rare faction to the centre of the next rare faction

21
Q

pulse

A

A single disturbance in a medium

22
Q

Does destructive interference result in a larger or smaller amplitude and explain the 2 types

A

Destructive interference occurs when a crest and trough meet this results in a smaller amplitude the first type of destructive interference is partial destructive interference when the weights have different amplitudes there is also total destructive interference when waves have the same attitude and they cancel each other out

23
Q

Principle of superposition

A

When pulses cross the combine disturbance at any point is equal to the algebraic some of the disturbances

24
Q

Interference

A

When two or more pulses interact with each other in the same space at the same time

25
Q

Diffraction

A

When waves past the edge of a barrier or go through a gap they spread out all the bending of the wave around the edges of an obstacle or through a gap

26
Q

Degree of diffraction depends on????

A

One the size of the gap the smaller bigger the more diffraction to wavelength this bigger the wavelength the more diffraction three size of the object the bigger the object is the more destruction

27
Q

Pitch

A

How high or low sound is this is relative to its frequency

28
Q

Volume or loudness

A

How loud or soft a sound is this is relative to its amplitude

29
Q

Noise

A

Noise isn’t on pleasant sound and is it is a result of an irregular frequency or waveform

30
Q

Sound

A

A pleasant sound as a result of a regular frequency or wave form

31
Q

Tone

A

Sound is not monotonic i.e. does not have a single frequency sound propagates sound waves at a basic or fundamental frequency basic frequency is set in motion additional frequency waves of varying amplitudes please a harmonics or overtones

32
Q

Ultrasounds

A

Sound of the frequency between 20,000 to 100,000 Hz used for forming images of internal body parts

33
Q

Echoes

A

The reflection of sound against a barrier

34
Q

Sonar

A

Sound navigation and ranging used to locate object underwater the speed of sound in water is roughly 1500 m/s

35
Q

Radar

A

Radio and ranging used to locate object in the air this is used as an light travels faster at 3×10 to the 8 m/s in comparison to sound which travels at 330 m/s in air

36
Q

Doppler effects

A

When a sound of a source is moving towards you the pitch sound higher than that of the source when a source moves away from you the pitch sounds lower this is known as the Doppler affect the wavefront is stretched out behind the source i.e. the pitch is lower because the frequency is Lower and Wave fronts are compressed ahead of the source pitch is higher because the frequency is higher

Physical Science- Science Definitions (6 decks)

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