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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Example of a transverse wave

A

Ripples in a pond

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2
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

When the vibrations are parallel to the direction of travel

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3
Q

Example of longitudinal waves

A

Sound waves

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4
Q

What is a progressive wave

A

A wave that transfers energy without transferring matter

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5
Q

What is amplitude

A

The height of a crest of the depth of a trough measures from the mid line of a wave in meters

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6
Q

What is wavelength

A

The distance between two points in a wave such as two crests or two troughs

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7
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of waves to pass a point per second measured in hertz

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8
Q

What is the time period

A

The time taken for 1 wave to pass a point measured in seconds

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9
Q

Link frequency and time period

A

T=1/F

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10
Q

What is the wave equation

A

Wavespeed=frequency x wavelength

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11
Q

What is the law of reflection

A

The angle if incidence equals the angle of reflection

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12
Q

What is a real image

A

When the rays of light do go through the image

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13
Q

What is a virtual image

A

When the rays of light do not pass through the image

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14
Q

What happens during refraction in air

A

Due to the wave slowing down as it enters a more optically dense medium which results in the angle of incidence decreasing.
When the wave reaches a less optically dense medium, the angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence as the wave speeds up

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15
Q

What happens in refraction in water

A

When the wave hits deep water, the angle of refraction is bigger than the angle of incidence as the wave speeds up. When the wave hits the shallow water, the angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence as the wave slows down.

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16
Q

What is diffraction

A

When the waves curve and spread out as they pass through a gap. The closer the size of gap to the wavelength, the greater the diffraction and curvature

17
Q

How to measure the speed of sound in air

A

Speed=distance/time

18
Q

How does frequency affect pitch

A

The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch

19
Q

How does amplitude affect volume

A

The higher the amplitude, the louder the volume

20
Q

How do solids affect sound

A

As particles in a solid are tighly packed, the sound travels fastest and easiest through solids

21
Q

How do liquid affect sound

A

As the particles in the liquid are touching, the sound travels fast but not as fast as the solid

22
Q

How do gases affect sound

A

Particles in a gas are spread out and sound travels slowest through this medium

23
Q

How does a vacuum affect sound

A

No sound can be heard as there are no particles in a vacuum

24
Q

What are transverse waves

A

When the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction that the wave is travelling

25
Q

Human hearing range

A

20-20000Hz

26
Q

Ultrasound and uses

A

Frequency above 20000Hz
Measure speed of blood flow in the body
Foetal scanning
Detecting flaws and cracks in metal

27
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A 
Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma
28
Q

Characteristics

A

Travel at speed of light

Transverse waves

29
Q

Uses and dangers of radio wave

A

Plasma ball
Communication
No danger

30
Q

Uses and dangers of microwaves

A

Cooking
Transmitting signals
Internal heating of humans

31
Q

Uses and dangers of infrared

A 
Lizards can see insects that are warm
Night vision goggles
Remote controls
Burns
Increase temp
32
Q

Uses and dangers of visible light

A

To see
Photosynthesis
Laser
Sunlight damages eyes

33
Q

Uses and dangers of ultraviolet

A

Dental glue
Sun beds
Sunburn
Skin cancer

34
Q

Uses and damage of X-ray

A

Imaging parts of body

Too much X-ray damages cells

35
Q

Uses and dangers of gamma rays

A

Sterilise surgical instruments
Kill pathogens in food
Kill cancer cells
Low doses are a carcinogenic, damages DNA

36
Q

Analogue

A

Continuous scale of values

37
Q

Digital signals

A

Digital signals have a value of 1 and 0

38
Q

Advantages of digital signals

A

Regenerated for a clearer signal
Amplified, regenerated
Carry more information

39
Q

How water depth of water affects wave speed

A

Deeper, faster

No change in frequency

Physics (11 decks)

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