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Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Distance

A

How far an object moves

Scalar

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2
Q

Displacement

A

Distance in a direction

Vector

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3
Q

Speed

A

Distance/time

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4
Q

Velocity

A

Displacement/ time

Vector

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5
Q

Scalar

A

Quantity that only has magnitude

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6
Q

Vector

A

Quantity that has magnitude and direction

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7
Q

Acceleration

A

Final velocity-initial velocity/time

-+

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8
Q

Forces

A

Direction of arrows show direction of force
Length proportional to size of force
Arrows touch object

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9
Q

Resultant force

A

Vector sum of all forces acting on object

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10
Q

How to calculate resultant forces

A

Find total of all forces on each side
Take away smaller force from bigger force
If resultant forces=0N
Forces are balanced

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11
Q

Newton’s first law

A

An object will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant velocity unless acted upon with a resultant force

If resultant force=0, forces are balanced

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12
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

If the resultant force acting on an object is not zero, all forces are unbalanced
Forces cause masses to accelerate

Speed may change
Direction may change

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13
Q

Newton’s 3rd law

A

Forces exist in pairs

2 objects exert the same force on each other, acting in opposite directions and objects

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14
Q

Friction

A

Occurs between 2 objects because surfaces are rough and contain bumps and hollows
Roughness= force is needed to move 2 objects over each other
Oppose motion

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15
Q

Reducing effects of friction

A

Friction creates heat, wear down surfaces which can damage

Lubricants, bearings, rollers reduce friction and protect surfaces

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16
Q

Types of friction

A

Through air, air resistance

Through liquid, drag

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17
Q

Reducing impacts of air resistance

A

Streamlining, enables air to flow past as easily as possible

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18
Q

Effects of friction

A

Heating

Erosion

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19
Q

Uses of friction

A

Car tyres grip surface

Car rolls because friction force is small, friction is overcome in order to move

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20
Q

Weight

A

A force caused by gravity

Measured in N, not constant, depends on location

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21
Q

Jumping out of a plane

A

Resultant force= vector sum of forces acting on it
RF causes acc
N2L

22
Q

Speeding up

A

RF=W-A=acc

W-A/m=a

23
Q

Terminal velocity

A

RF=W-A=0N

N1L

24
Q

Opening parachute

A

RF/m=-VE/m=-VEm/s

N2L

25
Q

Gliding down

A

RF=W-A=0N
Smaller terminal velocity
N1L

26
Q

Landing

A

RF=-VE

N3L

27
Q

Circular motion

A

Objects moving around in a circular shape
Speed, no change
Velocity, constantly changing
Resultant force, centripetal force causes acceleration towards center of circle

28
Q

Factors that affect centripetal force

A

Mass
Speed
Radius

29
Q

How mass affects centripetal force

A

Larger mass, larger CF
To maintain circular motion, there will be a particular acceleration
Higher the mass, larger force needed to maintain acceleration

30
Q

How speed affects centripetal force

A

Faster the object, larger the CF
Object travelling faster covers more distance per second and will change direction by a bigger angle every second
Bigger CF needed to maintain bigger acc towards center

31
Q

How does radius affect centripetal force

A

Smaller radius, larger centripetal force
Smaller radius, smaller circumference, smaller distance
Complete more of the orbit per second, change direction by a greater angle each second
Larger CF needed to get bigger acceleration towards center

32
Q

Space and orbits

A

Planets orbit sun in elliptical path with sun at focus

Planets are gravitationally attracted to the sun causing this

33
Q

Asteroids

A

Small belts of rock which orbit sun between Mars and Jupiter

34
Q

Comets

A

Rock, ice, methane, ammonia a few km in diameter. Orbit sun in eccentric ellipses

35
Q

Universe

A

Everything in the universe and contains galaxies

36
Q

Galaxies

A

Contains many stars

37
Q

Artificial satellites

A

Orbit earth

38
Q

Geostationary satellite

A

Orbit above equator and take 24hrs to orbit
High
Used for communications

39
Q

Polar satellite

A

Orbits longitudinally as Earth spins
6hr orbit
Low
Weather and crop monitoring

40
Q

Center of mass in regular objects

A

Along line of symmetry

41
Q

Center of mass for irregular lamina

A 
Put in 2 random holes
Hang lamina from 1 hole with pin
Plumb line on pin
Draw line where string has settled
Repeat 2,3,4 with other hole
Center of mass is where the lines cross
42
Q

Pendulum

A 
Highest point of swing
No KE, highest GPE
Lowest point of swing
Max KE
Min GPE 
T=1/F
43
Q

Stability

A

An object will become unstable when the line going down from the center of mass passes where the center of mass would meet the ground

44
Q

Factors that center of mass is affected by

A

Width of base

Height of center of mass

45
Q

Improving stability

A

Heavy base lowers c of m, harder to knock over

Broader base, harder to knock over

46
Q

Moments

A

Turning effect of a force No
When forces do not line up, rotate

Moment=force x distance perpendicular from pivot
AM CM, equal, balanced

47
Q

Stretching

A 
2 equally sized forces
Act on same object
Different forces
Forces cancel out 
Stretch of force is proportional to amount of extension or compression in spring as long as elastic limit has not been exceeded
48
Q

Spring constant

A

How many Newton’s are needed to make spring a meter long

49
Q

Elastic

A

Returns to original shape

50
Q

Plastic

A

Does not return to original shape

51
Q

Elastic behavior

A

Extension is proportional to force and material will go back to the original length when we remove the force

52
Q

Plastic behavior

A

When a force is applied to deform the shape. It stays deformed when the force is removed

Physics (11 decks)

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