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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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0
Q

The material through which a wave travels(water or air)

A

Medium

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1
Q

A disturbance that carries energy through matter or space

A

Wave

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2
Q

Waves that require a medium to travel through(most waves)

A

Mechanical waves

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3
Q

Waves that do not require a medium(light,radio,X-ray)

A

Electromagnetic waves

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4
Q

A single disturbance that travels through the medium

A

Wave pulse

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5
Q

A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving

A

Transverse wave

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6
Q

A continuous series of disturbances caused by a source in simple harmonic motion

A

Traveling wave

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7
Q

The highest point on a transverse wave

A

Crest

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8
Q

The lowest point on a transverse wave

A

Trough

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9
Q

The distance from one point on a wave to the next identical point(symbol-upside down y unit-meters)

A

Wavelength

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10
Q

The rate at which the wave energy travels forward through the medium

A

Velocity

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11
Q

The time for one complete wave to pass a fixed point or the time for one complete wave cycle

A

Period

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12
Q

The number of complete waves that pass a point in a certain time interval or the number of complete wave cycles each second(hz)

A

Frequency

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13
Q

The maximum distance that a particle of the medium is displaced from its normal rest position (symbol-f units-hz

A

Amplitude

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14
Q

A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction the wave is traveling

A

Longitudinal wave

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15
Q

Points on the medium that have particles pressed tightly crowded together

A

Compressions

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16
Q

Points on the medium that are stretched out particles are far apart

A

Rarefactions

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17
Q

A compression(longitudinal wave) created by a vibrating object that travels through a medium

A

Sound

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18
Q

343 m/s in air at room temp, travel faster in warm air add .6 for each degree increase in temp

A

Speed of sound

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19
Q

Amplitude of a sound wave perceived by humans

A

Loudness

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20
Q

Loudness(amplitude) of a sound wave is measured in

A

Decibels (db)

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21
Q

The number of vibrations(compressions) per second

A

Frequency

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22
Q

The lowness of highness of a note(human perception of frequency)

A

Pitch

23
Q

Frequencies below 20 hz which are inaudible to humans

A

Infrasonic,subsonic

24
Q

Frequencies above 20,000 hz which are inaudible to humans

A

Ultrasonic

25
Q

When two waves meet on the same medium the affect on the medium is the algebraic sum of the individual affects from the two waves

A

Superposition

26
Q

Occurs when two waves interfere such that both waves deflect the medium in the same direction(when two crests or two troughs meet)

A

Constructive interference

27
Q

Occurs hen two waves displace the medium in opposite directions resulting in a smaller amplitude (when crest of one wave meets the trough of another)

A

Destructive interference

28
Q

(Stationary wave) when two identical traveling waves that are traveling in opposite directions superimpose

A

Standing wave

29
Q

A point on a medium that is not being displaced(moved) due to wave interference

A

Node

30
Q

A point on the medium that is experiencing maximum displacement as a result of wave interference

A

Antinode

31
Q

The original wave traveling through the original medium

A

Incident wave

32
Q

The portion of the wave energy that bounces off of the boundary

A

Reflected wave

33
Q

The portion of a wave energy that passes over a boundary into the new medium

A

Transmitted wave

34
Q

Wave energy bouncing off of a boundary

A

Reflection

35
Q

A diagram that shows the direction the wave is traveling

A

Ray diagram

36
Q

An arrow drawn in the direction a wave is traveling

A

Ray

37
Q

A line drawn at a right angle to the boundary(perpendicular to the boundary)

A

Normal

38
Q

The angle between the normal and the incident Ray

A

Angle of incidence

39
Q

The angel between the normal and the reflected Ray

A

Angle of reflection

40
Q

The angle of reflection always equals the the angle of incidence

A

The law of reflection

41
Q

The change in direction of a wave as it crosses the boundary between two media

A

Refraction

42
Q

The bending of a wave as it passes the edge of a barrier

A

Diffraction

43
Q

When a wave traveling through a slow medium approaches a boundary with a fast medium with an angle greater than the critical angle the wave reflects off of the boundary instead of refracting

A

Total internal reflection

44
Q

Sound with specific pitches that follow a regular pattern

A

Music

45
Q

Sound that has no set pitch or pattern

A

Noise

46
Q

Frequencies at which an object absorbs energy very efficiently

A

Natural frequencies

47
Q

A large amplitude wave occurs when an object receives continuous small vibrations at one of its natural frequencies (Tacoma narrows bridge)

A

Resonance

48
Q

Study of sound

A

Acoustics

49
Q

Hearing the same sound more than once due to the reflection of the same sound off of several surfaces

A

Reverberation

50
Q

Two notes played simultaneously that are less than seven hertz apart(humans will not hear separate notes instead we hear a single note that varies up and down in loudness)

A

Beats

51
Q

Two notes played simultaneously that are seven or more hertz apart(humans will hear two distinct notes

A

Complex wave

52
Q

A complex wave that sounds bad

A

Dissonance

53
Q

A complex wave that sounds good

A

Consonance

54
Q

Consonance occurs when two notes have a small whole number ratio (2:1, 3:1, 3:2)

A

Pythagoras’ rule

55
Q

Two frequencies that have a 2:1 ratio

A

Octave

56
Q

The pitch of an approaching sound source will be higher than the pitch of a sound source that is moving away from an observer

A

Doppler effect

Physics (3 decks)

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