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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum sentence

A

Rich Men In Vegas Use Xpensive Glasses DWIF

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2
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Radio
Micro
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma

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3
Q

What does DWIF stand for

A

Decreasing Wavelength Increasing Frequency

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4
Q

Uses for Radio Waves

A

Radio and TV communication

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5
Q

Uses for Micro Waves

A

Satellite Communication and Cooking

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6
Q

Uses for Infrared Waves

A

Heaters and Night vision equipment

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7
Q

Uses for Visible Waves

A

Human sight

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8
Q

Uses for Ultraviolet Waves

A

Fluorescent lamps

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9
Q

Uses for X-ray Waves

A

Medical imaging and security

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10
Q

Uses for Gamma Waves

A

Sterelising food or medical equipment

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11
Q

Speed of electromagnetic waves is

A

the same in a vacuum and roughly the same in air

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12
Q

Critical angle is when

A

the refracted beam runs along the line between the two mediums

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13
Q

Total internal reflection is when the

A

angle of incidence is sufficiently large such that the beam does not refract but reflects back into the object

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14
Q

Total internal reflection occurs when

A

angle of incidence > critical angle

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15
Q

sin (critical angle) =

A

1/optical density or 1/n

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16
Q

Optical fibres are

A
  1. thin rods of glass
  2. which use total internal reflection
  3. to transfer information using light
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17
Q

Uses of Optical fibres

A
  1. medicine - e.g. endoscopes
  2. communications - e.g. data transfer
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18
Q

Hazards of Microwaves

A

Internal heating of body tissue

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19
Q

Hazards of Infrared waves

A

Skinburn

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20
Q

Hazards of Ultraviolet waves

A

Skin cancer and blindness

21
Q

Hazards of X-rays

A

Mutations leading to cancer

22
Q

Hazards of Gamma waves

A

Mutations leading to cancer

23
Q

To estimate the speed of sound in air

A
  1. Make a noise at a known large distance form a solid wall
  2. Record the time taken for the echo to be hear
  3. Use speed=distance/time, where distance is twice the length as the sound had to go there and back
24
Q

Waves transfer

A

energy and information without transferring matter

25
Q

Transverse waves have

A
  1. Peaks and troughs
  2. Vibrations perpendicular to the direction of travel
26
Q

Example of Transverse waves

A

Light

27
Q

Longitudinal Waves have

A
  1. Compressions (particles pushed together) then Rarefactions (particles moved apart)
  2. Vibrations parallel to the direction of travel
28
Q

Example of Longitudinal waves

A

Sound

29
Q

Quiet, low pitch longitudinal waves have

A

a small amplitude and a long wavelength

30
Q

Loud, high pitch longitudinal waves have

A

a big amplitude and a short wavelength

31
Q

Amplitude

A

Distance from equilibrium point to maximum or minimum point

32
Q

Wavefront

A

Line through points that are at the same point in their wave cycle

33
Q

Frequency (f)

A

Number of waves per second

34
Q

Frequency is measured in

A

Hertz (Hz)

35
Q

Wavelength (lamda)

A

distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

36
Q

Time period (T)

A

time for a wave to pass a fixed point

37
Q

Frequency eqauls

A

1/Time period

38
Q

Speed of a wave equals

A

Frequency x Wavelength

39
Q

The Doppler effect explanation

A
  1. If the wave source is moving relative to an observer
  2. The observed frequency and wavelength will change
  3. When moving towards, the waves will be bunched together leading to a shorter wavelength, greater frequency and higher pitch
  4. When moving away, the waves will be more spaced apart, leading to longer wavelength, lower frequency and lower pitch
40
Q

Can all waves be reflected?

A

Yes

41
Q

With reflection, angle of incidence equals

A

the angle of reflection

42
Q

When a wave is reflected these remain unchanged

A

Frequency, Wavelength and Speed

43
Q

Can all waves be refracted?

A

Yes

44
Q

Refraction occurs when a wave enters…

A

…a medium of a different density

45
Q

The process of refraction when entering a medium of a lower density

A
  1. Speed increases
  2. Wave bends away from the normal
  3. Incidence angle is less than the refracted angle
46
Q

The process of refraction when entering a medium of a higher density

A
  1. Speed decreases
  2. Wave bends towards the normal
  3. Incidence angle is greater than the refracted angle
47
Q

With Refraction, this remains unchanged

A

Frequency

48
Q

With Refraction, these two things change

A

Wavelength and Speed

49
Q
A

Physics (6 decks)

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