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Physics > Solids, Liquids and Gases > Flashcards

Solids, Liquids and Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

Density is

A

Mass per unit volume

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2
Q

Density is measured in

A

kg/metre cubed

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3
Q

How to calculate density of a liquid

A

Find measuring cylinder mass
Find measuring cylinder and liquid mass
Difference will be mass of liquid
Read volume of liquid (do this straight on to avoid parallax error)
Find density using the equation

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4
Q

How to calculate the density of a solid

A

Measure the mass of the solid
either: measure its dimensions if a cuboid
or: immerse in water in a measuring beaker, measuring volume before and after
Difference will be the volume of the solid
Find density using the equation

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5
Q

Pressure is

A

Force per unit Area

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6
Q

Pressure is measured in

A

Pascals (Pa)

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7
Q

Pressure at a point in a gas or liquid…

A
  1. Acts equally in all directions
  2. Is perpendicular to the surface
  3. Is created from particle movement and their collision with the surface
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8
Q

In a liquid, pressure is proportional to…

A

…depth, density and gravitational field strength

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9
Q

In a liquid, pressure equals

A

hpg

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10
Q

Gas molecules move…

A

…rapidly and randomly due to collisions with other gas molecules

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11
Q

Gas exerts pressure on a container due to…

A

…particle collisions with the surface of the container. The particles rebound, changing direction, therefore changing velocity, therefore changing momentum, therefore they exert a force as Force equals change in momentum over time

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12
Q

For a constant volume, as temperature increases…

A

…pressure increases as molecules move faster, colliding harder and more frequently

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13
Q

Absolute zero in Kelvin

A

Zero

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14
Q

Absolute zero in Celsius

A

-273 Celsius

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15
Q

At a constant temperature, as volume increases…

A

…pressure decreases

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16
Q

P1 x V1 equals

A

P2 x V2

17
Q

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 is known as

A

Boyle’s Law

18
Q

For a gas, temperature in Kelvin is proportional to

A

average Kinetic energy

19
Q

Heating a solid or a liquid…

A
  1. Increases internal energy leading to
  2. Increases temperature or Change in State
20
Q

As temperature rises in a solid, liquid or gas

A
  1. Increased energy causes more molecule vibrations leading to
  2. An increases in Kinetic energy
21
Q

When a body changes state the energy is used to…

A
  1. Make molecules freer from each other, therefore
  2. Not increasing their Kinetic energy, therefore
  3. Temperature remains constant
22
Q

Melting (molecular behaviour)

A

Molecules in a solid vibrate enough to move from their fixed positions, therefore turning into a liquid

23
Q

Boiling (molecular behaviour)

A

Molecules in a liquid gain enough Kinetic energy to break their bonds, becoming separate molecules, turning into a gas

24
Q

During a change in state…

A

…temperature remains constant

25
Q

Evaporation is…

A

…the escape of higher energy molecules from a liquid surface.

26
Q

To increase evaporation…

A
  1. Increase temperature of liquid
  2. Increase surface area of liquid
  3. Provide a draught
27
Q

Evaporation results in cooling because…

A

…after higher energy molecules have escaped, the remaining molecules have lower average kinetic energy and therefore a lower average temperature

28
Q

Specific Heat Capacity is…

A

…the amount of energy required to raise 1kg of mass by 1 degree Celsius

28
Q

Evaporation is different from boiling because…

A
  1. It is only at the surface
  2. It can occur at any temperature
29
Q

Specific Heat Capacity is measure in…

A

Joules/kgC

30
Q

Molecular properties of Solids

A
  1. Molecules are close
  2. Molecules are in a regular pattern
  3. Strong intermolecular forces of attraction
  4. Molecules vibrate but cannot move
31
Q

Molecular properties of Liquid

A
  1. Molecules are close
  2. Molecules are in a random arrangement
  3. Weaker intermolecular forces of attraction
  4. Molecules move around each other
31
Q

Molecular properties of Gases

A
  1. Molecules are far apart
  2. Molecules are in a random arrangement
  3. Very weak intermolecular forces of attraction
  4. Molecules move quickly and in all directions

Physics (6 decks)

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