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Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Current is measured in

A

amps

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2
Q

Current is the

A

rate of flow of positive charge at a point

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3
Q

At a junction, current is

A

conserved

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4
Q

Current is measure with

A

an ammeter in series

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5
Q

In a metal, current flows via

A

electrons

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6
Q

In a liquid, current flows via

A

ions

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7
Q

Potential Difference is also known as

A

Voltage

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8
Q

Voltage is

A

work done per unit charge

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9
Q

Voltage is measured with

A

a voltmeter in parallel

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10
Q

Resistance is measured in

A

ohms

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11
Q

Ohmic conductors have

A

constant resistance

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12
Q

An example of an ohmic conductor is

A

a resistor

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13
Q

Non-ohmic conductors have

A

variable resistance

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14
Q

An example of a non-ohmic conductor is

A

a filament lamp

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15
Q

With a thermistor, resistance

A

decreases as temperature increases

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16
Q

With a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), resistance

A

decreases as light intensity increases

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17
Q

Components in Series are

A

end to end

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18
Q

In a series circuit, current is

A

conserved

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19
Q

In a series circuit, voltage is

A

shared (this is governed by each component’s resistance)

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20
Q

In a series circuit, the total resistance is

A

the sum of the individual resistances

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21
Q

Components in parallel are

A

in separate branches

22
Q

In a parallel circuit current is

A

shared between brances

23
Q

In a parallel circuit voltage is

A

the same across each branch

24
Q

Parallel circuits are advantageous because

A

faults are isolated

25
Q

Three hazards associated with Mains Electricity

A
  1. Damaged insulation can lead to shock or fire.
  2. High currents can heat wires causing insulation to melt leading to shocks or fires.
  3. Damp conducts electricity leading to shocks
26
Q

Common fuse sizes

A

3A, 5A and 13A

27
Q

A fuse is

A

a thin wire which overheats and melts when current is too high, thus protecting the circuit

28
Q

A circuit breaker is

A

an electromagnetic switch which breaks when the current is too high.

29
Q

Circuit breakers are better than fuses because

A

they can be reset and they work more quickly than fuses.

30
Q

Earthing wires offer

A

a safe route if there is a short circuit as they have a very low resistance

31
Q

Double insulation is a

A

plastic casing covering components

32
Q

Power (P) equals

A

Current x Voltage or IV

33
Q

Energy (E) equals

A

Charge x Voltage or QV

34
Q

Charge (Q) equals

A

Current x Time or IT

35
Q

Voltage (V) equals

A

Current x Resistance or IR

36
Q

Describe what happens and why to resistance as current increases

A
  1. Current increases
  2. Temperature increases
  3. Electron vibration increases
  4. Electron collisions increase
  5. Resistance increases
37
Q

AC is

A

Alternating Current which continuously changes direction

38
Q

DC is

A

Direct Current which is always in one direction

39
Q

Opposite charges

A

Attract

40
Q

Likes charges

A

Repel

41
Q

Charging involves

A

adding (negative charge) or removing (positive charge) electronsh

42
Q

Charging creates

A

ions

43
Q

Conductors allow

A

electron flow

44
Q

Insulators impeded

A

electron flow

45
Q

Describe how insulators become charged

A

When rubbed together, friction causes electrons to move from one (which becomes positively charged) to the other (which becomes negatively charged).

46
Q

Two examples of Static Electricity

A

Lightning and charged balloon on a wall

47
Q

How does lightning come about

A
  1. Electrostatic charge builds in clouds due to friction.
  2. When charge is large enough it is discharged through air to ground as lightning.
48
Q

Why does a rubbed balloon stick to a wall?

A
  1. A rubbed balloon which is positively charged when held near a wall will repel the positive charge in the wall.
  2. Now negatively charged wall and positively charged balloon will be attracted as they have opposite charges.
49
Q

Dangers of static electricity

A
  1. Electric shock when electrons flow from object through charged body to earth.
  2. When fuelling aircraft, charge created by friction on equipment could cause a spark and ignition.
50
Q

Static electricity safety measures

A

Earthing as it allows electrons an alternative path and so there is no charge build up.

51
Q

SYMBOLS

A

Physics (6 decks)

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