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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of waves

A

transverse and longitudinal

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2
Q

transverse waves

A

waves that vibrate or oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

where can transverse waves move

A
  • in solids and on the surface of liquids
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4
Q

what do transverse waves transfer

A

energy

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5
Q

which types of waves can move in solids, liquids and gases in a vacuum

A

electromagnetic waves

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6
Q

the highest point above the rest position in a T wave

A

peak/crest

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7
Q

lowest point below the rest position in a T wave

A

trough

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8
Q

examples of transverse waves

A
  • EM waves
  • S waves
  • vibrations in a guitar string
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9
Q

longitudinal waves

A

where the points along its length vibrate parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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10
Q

where can longitudinal waves move

A

solids, liquids and gases

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11
Q

where can longitudinal waves not move

A

in a vacuum

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12
Q

when the waves are close together in L waves they are called

A

compressions

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13
Q

when waves are spaced apart in longitudinal waves they are called

A

rarefactions

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14
Q

examples of longitudinal waves

A
  • sound waves
  • Pressure waves
  • P waves
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15
Q

pressure in T waves

A

constant

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16
Q

pressure in L waves

A

changes in pressure

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17
Q

when are L waves the fastest

A

solid

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18
Q

when are T waves the fastest

A

vacuum

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19
Q

waves

A

oscillations or vibrations about a fixed point

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20
Q

what do waves transfer

A

energy

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21
Q

what do waves not transfer

A

matter

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22
Q

amplitude

A

distance from the undisturbed position to the peak or trough of a wave

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23
Q

what is amplitude easured in

A

metres (m)

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24
Q

wavelength

A

distance from one point on the wave to the same point on the next wave

25
Q

how is wavelength measured in L waves

A

from the centre of one compression to the centre of the next

26
Q

wavelength symbol

A

lamba (wave)

27
Q

frequency

A

the number of waves passing a point in a second

28
Q

what is symbol and measurement of frequency

A

f
Hertz (Hz)

29
Q

time period

A

the time taken for a single wave to pass a point

30
Q

time period measurement

A

seconds (s)

31
Q

Frequency equation

A

f= 1/T

32
Q

Wave equation

A

wave speed= frequency x wavelength

33
Q

doppler effect

A

the apparent change in wavelength and frequency of a wave emitted by a moving source

34
Q

doppler effect in ambulance

A
  • frequency of the sound waves emitted by the siren goes from high to low pitch
35
Q

waves on a stationary object

A

spread out symmetrically

36
Q

what happens to the waves when an object begins to move

A

waves get squashed together at one end and streched on the other end

37
Q

electromagnetic waves

A

transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an observer

38
Q

properties of EM waves

A
  • all transverse
  • all travel through a vacuum
  • they all travel at the same speed in a vacuum
39
Q

what do EM waves form

A

continuos spectrum

40
Q

EM waves

A

radio
microwaves
infrared
visible light
ultraviolet
x-rays
gamma rays

41
Q

the higher the frequency=

A

the higher the radiation

42
Q

radiation with higher energy is =

A

highly ionising
harmful to cells and tissues causing cancer

43
Q

visible light

A

range of wavelengths which are visible to humans

44
Q

visible light percentage of the EM spectrum

A

0.0035%

45
Q

which color has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency

A

red

46
Q

which colour has the shortest wavelength and highest frequency

A

violet

47
Q

what is inversely proportional to wavelength

A

frequency

48
Q

radio waves uses

A

communication (radio and TV)

49
Q

microwave uses

A

heating food
communication (WIFI, mobiles, satellites)

50
Q

infrared uses

A
  • heating or cooking
  • motion sensors
  • remote controls
  • electric heaters
  • infrared cameras
51
Q

visible light uses

A
  • seeing and taking photographs
  • fibre optic communications
52
Q

ultraviolet uses

A
  • security marking
  • fluorescent bulbs
  • getting a suntan
53
Q

x ray uses

A
  • x ray images
54
Q

gamma rays

A
  • sterilizing medical instruments
  • treating cancer
55
Q

microwaves danger

A

possible heat damage to internal organs

56
Q

infrared danger

A

skin burns

57
Q

visible light danger

A

bright light can cause eye damage

58
Q

UV light danger

A

eye damage
sun burn
skin cancer

59
Q

x rays and gamma rays danger

A

kills cells
mutations
cancer

Physics (6 decks)

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