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Physics > Force and Motion > Flashcards

Force and Motion Flashcards

1
Q

what does a straight line represent in a distance time graph

A

constant speed

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1
Q

what does a distance-time graph show

A

how the distance of an object changes over time

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2
Q

what does a flat, horizontal line mean in a d-t graph

A

stantionary

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3
Q

how to calculate speed in a d-t graph

A

gradient: rise/run

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4
Q

what does speed of an object mean

A

the distance it travels every second

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5
Q

average speed equation

A

distance moved/ time taken

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6
Q

accelration defenition

A

rate of change of velocity

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7
Q

acceleration equation

A

change in velocity/ time taken

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8
Q

object is slowing down

A

acceleration is negative

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9
Q

how to calculate acceleration on a v-t graph

A

gradient: rise/run

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10
Q

what does the area under a velocity time graph represent

A

displacement

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11
Q

how to calculate uniform acceleration

A

v^2=u^2 + 2as

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12
Q

how can forces affect bodies

A

change speed
change direction
change in shape

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13
Q

types of forces

A

gravitational
electrostatic
thurst
upthrust
air resistance
compression
tension
reaction force

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14
Q

gravitational

A

the force between 2 objects with mass

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15
Q

electrostatic

A

the force between 2 objects with charge

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16
Q

thrust

A

the force pushing on a vehicle

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17
Q

upthrust

A

the upward force on an object in fluid
eg. boat on river

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18
Q

air resistance

A

force of friction between objects falling through the air

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19
Q

compression

A

forces that squeeze an object

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20
Q

tension

A

forces that strech an onject

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21
Q

reaction force

A

the force between 2 objects in contact

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22
Q

scalar quantities

A

quantities with only a magnitude

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23
Q

vectors

A

both a magntitude and a direction

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24
Q

scalars

A

distance
speed
mass
energy
volume
density
temperature
power

25
Q

vector

A

displacement
velocity
weight
force
acceleration
momentum

26
Q

friction

A

the force which opposes the motion of an object

27
Q

balanced forces

A

forces have combines in a way where they cancel each other out so there is no resultant force

28
Q

unbalanced force

A

forces which do not cancel each other out so there is a resultant force on the object

29
Q

force equation

A

F (N)= m (kg) x a (m/s^2)

30
Q

weight

A

the force acting on an object due to gravitational attraction

31
Q

weight equation

A

weight (N) = m(kg) x g (ms^-2)

32
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter in an object

33
Q

stopping distance

A

the total distance travelled during the time it takes for a car to stop response to some emergency

34
Q

stopping distance equation

A

stopping distance= thinking distance + breaking distance

35
Q

breaking distance

A

distance travelled under the braking force

36
Q

thinking distance

A

distance travelled in the time it takes for the driver to react

37
Q

factors which affect stopping distance

A

1) vehicle speed
2) vehicle mass
3) Road conditions
4) driver reaction time

38
Q

what are the 2 forces an object experiences when it falls

A

weight
gravity

39
Q

hookes law

A

the extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, until the limit of proportionality

40
Q

limit of proportionality

A

when more force is added, the object may extend but it wont return to its original shape when the force is removed

41
Q

is hookes law linear or non linear

A

linear so it shows a straight line

42
Q

elastic deformation

A

when the object returns to its original shape when the stretching force is removed

43
Q

inelastic deformation

A

when the object remains stretched and does not return completely to its original shape even when the stretching force is removed.

44
Q

momentum equation

A

p (kgm/s) = m x velocity (m/s)

45
Q

does an object at rest have momentum

A

no

46
Q

what does momentum depend on

A

direction of travel

47
Q

the moment of an object changes if:

A
  • change in acceleration
  • change in direction
  • its mass changes
48
Q

conservation of momentum

A

in a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event

49
Q

force equation 2

A

F= Change in P/ change in time

50
Q

newtons third law

A

when 2 bodies interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposit

51
Q

how can the force of an impact in a vehicle collision be decreased

A

increasing the contact time

52
Q

safety features in cars

A

crumple zones
seat belts
air bags

53
Q

crash mats

A

thick and soft to offer shock absorption of the force which increases contact time

54
Q

moment

A

the turning effect of a force about a pivot

55
Q

moment eqaution

A

M (Nm) = F X d (m)

56
Q

why is a door handle placed on the opposite side to the hinge

A
  • creates a larger perpendicular distance
  • which creates a larger moment to make it easier to open a door
57
Q

principle of moments

A

if an object is balances, the total clockwise moment about a pivot is equal to the total anticlockwise moment about a pivot

58
Q

Equation for conservation of moments

A

F2 x d2 = (F1X D1) + (F3 X d3)

59
Q

a light beam is treated as if it has _________

A

no mass

60
Q

centre of gravity

A

the point through which the weight of an object acts
- located at the point of symmetry

Physics (6 decks)

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