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Physics paper 2 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s an example of a transverse wave

A

ripples on the surface of the water

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2
Q

example of a longitudinal wave

A

sound waves travelling in air

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3
Q

does all wave transfer energy from one place to another

A

yes

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4
Q

what’s the definition of a transverse wave

A

the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer ( right angle)

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5
Q

longitudinal wave

A

the oscillations are parralell to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

does transverse waves or longitudinal waves move up and down

A

transverse

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7
Q

do longtitudinak waves move from side to side

A

yes

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8
Q

what do all longitudinal waves require to travel and does a transverse wave require it

A

A medium

No

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9
Q

are waves always reflected

A

no

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10
Q

what are the 3 things that can happen when a wave arrives at a boundary

A

1) wave may be absorbed by the material and the energy transfers to the energy store of the material

2) waves can be transmitted ( carries on travelling to the other side)

3) waves can be reflected off the surface

this depends on wavelength and the properties of the 2 materials

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11
Q

what does the angle of incidence always equal to

A

the angle of reflection

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12
Q

what must you always remember when drawing ray diagrams

A

always remember to draw arrows

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13
Q

what is specular reflection

A

flat boundary (mirror)

normals are in the same direction

light reflected in the same direction

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14
Q

what is scattered reflection

A

rough boundary
normals will all be different therefore light will be reflected in all different directions

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15
Q

what happens to waves when they change speed

A

change direction moving from one medium to another

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16
Q

what happens when a waves speed decreases

A

bends towards the normal

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17
Q

what happens when waves pass from the glass back to the air

A

velocity increases therefore they bend away from the normal

18
Q

what’s a wavefront

A

imaginary line that connects all th same points in a set of waves

19
Q

what happens when sound waves move through air

A

the air particles ossilate from side to side

20
Q

can sound waves pass from one medium to another

A

yes
example , from air to a solid

21
Q

what happens to the human ear when sound hits it

A

sound waves in the air are funnelled into the ear where they hit the ear drum

22
Q

what is an ear drum

A

a thin membrane

23
Q

what do sound waves cause the ear drum to do

A

vibrate

24
Q

what do sound waves trigger

A

oscillations

this only works in a limited range of frequencies

25
Q

what is the human hearing range

A

20 Hz - 20,000 Hz

26
Q

what’s the equation for wave speed

A

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

27
Q

what happens when wave speed increases

A

wavelength also increases

frequency does not change when a wave changes medium

28
Q

what does a high frequency lead to

A

high pitch

29
Q

does a small amplitude mean a louder or quieter sound

A

quieter

30
Q

what are electromagnetic waves

A

transverse waves that transfer energy from the source to an absorber

31
Q

what are an example of electromagnetic waves

A

Microwaves

transfer energy from the source( the oven)
to an absorber (food)

32
Q

what happens when a white light is shined on a prism

A

all the colours will reflect

33
Q

what happens to the frequency and wavelength as you go down the rainbow starting from red

A

the frequency increases
the wavelength decreases

34
Q

what colour has the lowest frequency

A

red

35
Q

what is the electromagnetic spectrum

A

radio waves
microwaves
infrared radiation
visible light
ultraviolet
x rays
gamma rays

36
Q

what happens to the frequency as you go down the spectrum

A

frequency increases and wavelength decreases

37
Q

what is the only light that the human eye can detect

A

visible light

all the colours int he rainbow

38
Q

If light passes through the centre of the lens does the direction change

A

No

39
Q

what are concave lens

A

correct short sightedness by spreading the light further

40
Q

what are convex lenses

A

correct long sightedness by focusing the rays closer to the

41
Q

what do all objects absorb and emit

A

infrared radiation

42
Q

whag does a black body absorb

A

all the radiation it receives

Physics paper 2 (3 decks)

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