space physics

Question 1

what is the solar system order

Answer 1

Sun
mercury
venus
earth
mars
jupiter
saturn
uranus
neptune

Question 2

what are moons

Answer 2

natural satellites which orbit other planets

Question 3

how was the sun formed

Answer 3

cloud of dust and gas ( nebula) being pulled together by gravitational attraction

Question 4

how to stars form

Answer 4

from clouds of dust and gas (nebula)
In nebulas, the main gas is hydrogen
Gravity causes nebula to collapse
the collapsing is called a protostar
as the dust particles move faster, the temperature rises to million degrees celsius
Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium

Question 5

What do fusion reactions lead to

Answer 5

An equilibrium between the gravitational collapse of a star and the expansion of a star due to fusion energy

Question 6

What’s the life cycle of a star that’s about the SAME SIZE AS THE SUN

Answer 6

Nebula

Collapses to become protostar

Main sequence star

Red giant

shrinks and becomes white dwarf

Stops releasing energy and become a black dwarf

Question 7

WHATs the life cycle of a star that’s BUGGER THan THE SUN

Answer 7

nebula

protostar

main sequence star

red super giant

supernova

neutron star or black hole

Question 8

how are elements heavier than iron produced

Answer 8

in supernovas

Question 9

what’s a neutron star

Answer 9

neutrons densely packed together

Question 10

How do elements produced

Answer 10

Fusion processes in stars produce all naturally occurring elements.

Elements heavier than iron are produced in supernovas

Supernova distributes elements throughout the universe

Question 11

What is a circular orbit

Answer 11

when the planets orbit in a circular motion around the sun

Question 12

What force keeps planets in a circular orbit

Answer 12

gravitational force

Question 13

where is the force of gravity pointing when orbiting around the sun

Answer 13

inwards and towards the sun

Question 14

What does gravity cause the direction velocity and speed to do

Answer 14

Direction constantly changes
velocity constantly changes 
speed stays the same

Question 15

what happens to the speed of the satellite when the radius changes AND WHY

Answer 15

The smaller the radius, the faster the speed

At a higher speed, the satellite needs a greater force of gravity to prevent it from flying off into space, so by decreasing the radius, the gravitational force gets bigger

Question 16

Why does the direction and velocity change

Answer 16

An object moving in a circular orbit is moving at constant speed and is constantly accelerating

this is caused by CENTRIPETAL FORCE
causes rhe object to be constantly changing direction
object continues to accelerate

Question 17

what is red shift

Answer 17

increase in wavelength
the further away the galaxy, the bigger the increase in wavelength and the FASTER they are moving

Question 18

What is the e big bang theory

Answer 18

the universe began from being hot and dense with all the matter in a tiny space

the universe is expanding due to the increased space between earth and galaxy because the light waves get stretched

Question 19

Are light from distant galaxies shifted towards red or purple end AND WHY

Answer 19

red
Light waves get stretched as they make their way to earth

Question 20

what is the balloon model

Answer 20

Represents the big bang theory

Question 21

What are the limitations of the balloon model

Answer 21

balloons can burst
should be galaxies inside the ballon

Question 22

What is a benefit of using models

Answer 22

helps us to understand difficult concepts

Question 23

how did the universe begin

Answer 23

big bang theory- all the matter in the universe occupied a small space that was dense and hot