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Physics paper 2 > Forces paper 2 > Flashcards

Forces paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a scalar?

A

physical quantities that only have magnitude(size)

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2
Q

What is an example of a scalar?

A

Distance
speed
mass
time
3Km

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3
Q

what is a vector?

A

physical quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction

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4
Q

examples of vectors

A

force
displacement
momentum
velocity

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5
Q

What is resultant force

A

A single force that replaces all forces acting on an object

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6
Q

How do you draw vectors

A

lenghth of arrow= magnitude
way it’s pointing = direction

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7
Q

Explain how a car travels at constant speed?

A

The cars toward force is equal to the total resultant force and therefore has reached equilibrium

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8
Q

What is displacement

A

The independent route taken rather from start to end

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9
Q

What is equilibrium

A

when the forces acting on an object are balenced

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10
Q

what is force

A

non contact or contact way of affecting an object e.g push or pull

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11
Q

what is weight

A

measure of force

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12
Q

what is mass

A

measure of how much matter is in an object

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13
Q

what is the equation that links weight mass and gravitational field strength

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

weight = N
mass = Kg
gfs= N/Kg

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14
Q

what are some examples of a contact force

A

friction
air resistance
tension(pulling force)
BOTH OBJECTS EXPERINCE SAME SIZE FORCE BUT IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS

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15
Q

examples of non contact forces

A

gravitational force
magnetic (either attractive or repulsive)
electrostatic

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16
Q

what happens to strength of the force as objects get pulled further apart

A

decreases

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17
Q

equation that links work done force and distance

A

work done = force x distance
N/m N. m

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18
Q

what’s a key feature of liquids

A

virtually incompressible as the particles are close together therefore allow no movement

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19
Q

what can happen to an object if u apply force to it

A

compress
stretch
bend

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20
Q

how do objects float

A

if the weight of then object EQUALS the upthrust

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21
Q

what happens if moments balence

A

there will be no turning point

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22
Q

What is plastic deformation

A

when an object can’t return to its original shape

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23
Q

what’s elastic deformation

A

when an object CAN return to its original shape

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24
Q

what’s extension

A

the increase in length of a spring when it’s stretched

25
Q

how many forces act on an object

A

always more than one

26
Q

equation that links force spring constant and extension

A

force= spring constant x extension
N. N/m. m

27
Q

what is spring constant

A

how many newtons it would take to stretch the object by 1m

28
Q

what is hookes law

A

the extension of a stretched spring is directly proportional to force applied

29
Q

what is the region called on a graph when it DOES obey hookes law

A

elastic region

30
Q

what is the point called when the graph stops obeying hookes law

A

elastic limit

31
Q

what’s the region called when Hookes law does NOT apply

A

plastic region

32
Q

what’s a moment

A

rotational or turning effect of a force

33
Q

how do u calculate moment

A

force x distance
N. m

34
Q

INFO
the distance is the perpendicular distance from the pivot. The force is applied at right angles

A
35
Q

how does an object become balenced

A

the total clockwise monument is equal to total anticlockwise moment about a pivot

36
Q

INFO smaller mass needs a longer distance to balence a bigger mass as it produces a smaller force

A
37
Q

what is a gear

A

transmit the turning effect of a force

38
Q

INFO

A

The motion output at the driven shaft will be diffrent from the motion input at the driver shaft

39
Q

will a smaller gear create smaller or bigger moments

A

smaller

40
Q

does a small gear or big gear turn quicker

A

small

41
Q

Do gears turn in same direction

A

No

42
Q

What is the gear ratio?

A

number of teeth ok driven gear over number of teeth on driver gear

43
Q

What are levers

A

an object that makes it easier to do work e.g lift a load

44
Q

How do you make it easier to lift a load

A

Increase distance between pivot and applied force

Less force required to get the same moment

easier to lift load

45
Q

what’s the genral formula for pressure

A

pressure = force over area (m)squared

46
Q

what is a fluid

A

liquid or gas

47
Q

how does a gas create pressure

A

the particles collide with the walls of the container creating pressure(applies a force)

48
Q

how does a liquid create pressure

A

water particles collide with walls and air. Exerts pressure outwards in every direction

49
Q

Does a more dense liquid have higher pressure

A

yes

50
Q

will a less dense liquid have lower pressure

A

yes

51
Q

as depth increases what happens

A

higher pressure

52
Q

Why does the pressure increase as you go further down

A

the weight of the water at the bottom of the container is pushed by the water further up

53
Q

denser the liquid…..

A

larger mass per unit of vol

54
Q

how do you work out pressure in coloum of fluid

A

pressure= phg (density x height x gfs)

density = kg/m3
height = m
gfs= N/ Kg

55
Q

what is upthrust

A

resultant force acting on an object due to higher pressure at the bottom of the liquid than on top

56
Q

Will a more dense object float or sink

A

sink

57
Q

what do you always have to do at the end of calculating pressure

A

ADD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

58
Q

Why does atmospheric pressure decrease with increasing altitude

A

increasing altitudes there are fewer air molecules
number of collisions with surface decrease
less weight of air than below the surface

59
Q

why do airplanes window have this shape?

A

force form air pressure acting form inside to outside bigger than force acting inwards

keeps window in position

Physics paper 2 (3 decks)

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