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Physics GCSE AQA > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are electromagnetic waves

A

They are transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber

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2
Q

What might waves be

A

Transverse or longitudinal

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3
Q

What are the ripples on water surface area examples of

A

A transverse wave

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4
Q

What do longitudinal waves show areas on

A

Compression and refraction

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5
Q

Give an example of longitudinal wave

A

Sound waves traveling through the air

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6
Q

What is the frequency of a wave

A

The number of waves passing a point each second

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7
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave

A

The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalence point on the adjacent waves

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8
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave

A

The maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position

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9
Q

What is the wave speed

A

The speed at which the energy is transferred (or the wave moves) through the medium

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10
Q

it moves up and down what do scientists called this movement

A

Oscillations

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11
Q

How do sound waves travel

A

As particles in the air moving from side to side

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12
Q

For longitudinal waves particles that are very close together are called what

A

Compressions

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13
Q

For longitudinal waves particles that are spaced out are called what

A

Rarefractions

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14
Q

What is the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves

A

Longitudinal waves: The oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer and they require a medium to travel in (eg. Air, liquid, solid)

Transverse waves: The oscillations are perpendicular (At right angles) to the direction of energy transfer and (moves up and down but the direction of energy transfer is sideways) and not all transverse waves require a medium.

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15
Q

It’s the wave that travels not the water or air how can you test for this

A

Using a slinky

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16
Q

What does the slinky do

A

Shows transverse waves this represents ripples on the surface area of water (The red dot shows a single point eg. Water molecule)

Shows longitudinal waves and this represents sound waves traveling through and the red dot represents an air particle 

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17
Q

Required practical: How to use a ripple tank to measure…

A
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18
Q

What do electromagnetic waves form

A

A continuous spectrum

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19
Q

What do all types of electromagnetic waves travel at

A

The same velocity through a vacuum (space) or air

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20
Q

How are the waves that form of electric magnetic spectrum grouped

A

In terms of the wave length and frequency going from long to short (or from low to high frequency)

21
Q

Name all the types of electric magnetic waves going from long to short wavelength (Low frequency to high frequency)

A

Radio waves
microwaves
infrared
visible light
ultraviolet
x-rays
Gamma rays

(Raw meat is very unsanitary except giraffe)

22
Q

Human eyes only detect visible light meaning

A

A limited range of electromagnetic waves are detected by us

23
Q

From radio waves to gamma rays what happens to the frequency

A

The frequency increases

24
Q

What happens to the wavelength from radio waves to gamma waves

A

The wavelength decreases

25
Q

How can electromagnetic waves travel

A

Through a vacuum example space

26
Q

All electric magnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum what is the speed

A

300000000m/s (3x10^8m/s)

27
Q

What do different materials/substances do to electromagnetic waves

A

Absorb, transmit, refract or reflect electromagnetic waves in ways that vary with wavelengths

28
Q

What is refraction due to

A

difference in velocity of the wavelength in different substances

29
Q

What happens in refraction

A

Waves can change direction when they change speed moving from one medium to another

30
Q

Required practical: How to investigate Emission with a Leslie cube

A

You can use a Leslie’s cube to see how much infrared is emitted from different surfaces (Types of surfaces: shiny metallic, white surface, shiny black, matte black)
Put the cube on a heatproof mat
Boil water in a kettle and fill the cube
Fill the Leslie’s cube with hot water
Point an infrared detector at each of the four surfaces and record the amount of infrared emitted
And keep the same distance between the cube and the detector
Most to least emitted infrared radiation: Matt black, shiny black, white, shiny metallic.
If we do not have an infrared detector we can use a thermometer with a bulb painted black but the resolution of the thermometer is less than the infrared detector
And record the amount of RI radiation
Repeat for each of the cubes faces make sure the distance is the same
(Be careful moving the cube full of boiling water you might burn your hands)

31
Q

Required practical: How to investigate absorption with the metal wax trick

A

Get an infrared heater and on each side have two metal plates
one plate painted with shiny metallic paint and another with black matte paint
Use Vaseline to attach a drawing pin
Switch on the heater and start the timer
The temperature of the metal plates increase as they absorb the infrared
Record the time it takes for the Vaseline to melt and the drawing pins to fall off
It falls off the mat black plate first because they absorb more infrared than shiny metallic surfaces
The infrared tends to be reflected from the shiny metallic surface

32
Q

What happens when the electromagnetic waves are generated or absorbed

A

Changes take place in atoms are in the nuclei of atoms

33
Q

What happens when we heat atoms

A

We caused the electrons to move from one energy level to a higher one

34
Q

What does a change to an atom cause

A

It generates an electromagnetic wave

35
Q

What happens when electromagnetic waves are absorbed

A

It causes changes to atoms

36
Q

What do ultraviolet waves increase a risk of

A

Skin cancer and causes the skin to age

37
Q

What are x-rays and gamma rays considered as

A

Ionizing radiation

38
Q

What do x-rays and gamma rays cause

A

Mutations of genes and increase the risk of cancer

39
Q

How can radio waves be produced

A

By oscillations in electrical circuits

40
Q

1000 mSv = ? Sv

A

1 Sv

41
Q

What happens when radio waves are absorbed

A

They may create an alternating current with the same frequency as the ratio wave itself so the radio waves can themselves include oscillations in an electrical circuit

42
Q

Ultraviolet waves, x-rays and gamma rays have hazardous effect on the human body tissue what do the effects depend on

A

The type of radiation on the size of the dose

43
Q

What can radio waves be used for

A

Television and radio

44
Q

What can microwaves be used for

A

Satellite communications
cooking food

45
Q

What can infrared radiation be used for

A

Electrical heaters
cooking food
infrared cameras

46
Q

What can visible light be used for

A

Fiber optic communications

47
Q

What can ultraviolet radiation be used for

A

Energy efficient lamps
sun tanning

48
Q

What can x-rays and gamma rays be used for

A

Medical imaging and treatments

Physics GCSE AQA (8 decks)

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