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Physics GCSE AQA > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What do scalar quantities have

A

Magnitude only

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2
Q

What do vector quantities have

A

Magnitude and an associated direction

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3
Q

How can the vector quantity be represented

A

As an arrow.

the length of the arrow=magnitude
the direction of the arrow=direction of the vector quantity

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4
Q

What is Force

A

A push and pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object

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5
Q

What are all forces between objects due to

A

Contact forces - the object are physically touching
Non-contact forces - the objects are physically separated

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6
Q

What type of quantity is force

A

Vector quantity

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7
Q

Give examples of contact forces

A

Friction
air resistance
tension
normal contact force 

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8
Q

Give examples of noncontact forces

A

Gravitational force
electrostatic force
magnetic force

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9
Q

What is the force of gravity due to

A

The gravitational field all around the Earth

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10
Q

What does the weight of an object depend on

A

The gravitational field strength at the point where the object is

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11
Q

What is the weight of an object on the mass of an object

A

Directly proportional

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12
Q

How is weight measured

A

Using a calibrated spring balance ( a Newton meter)

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13
Q

What is the single force called

A

The resultant force

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14
Q

What does magnitude mean

A

Size

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15
Q

The weight of an object is directly proportional to the mass what does this mean

A

If we double the mass the weight will double

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16
Q

The weight of an object may be considered to act at a single point what is this called

A

The center of mass

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17
Q

Weight is the force acting on an object what is this due to

A

Gravity

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18
Q

What might the number of forces acting on an object be replaced by

A

A single force that has the same effect as the original forces acting together

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19
Q

What can a single force be resolved into

A

Two components acting at right angles to each other
(the two components force work together have the same affect as the single force(Single force=resultant force))

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20
Q

If the forces are balanced what does it mean

A

The resultant force is zero

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21
Q



A
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22
Q

When a force causes an object to move through a distance what does this mean

A

Work is done on the object

So a force does work on an object when the force causes a displacement of the object

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23
Q

What does work done against the friction forces acting on an object cause 

A

It causes a rise in the temperature of the object

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24
Q

1 joule = ? Newton-meter

A

1 Newton meter

1 joule of work done when a force of one Newton causes a displacement of 1 m

25
Q

What will happen to elastic materials if we take away the force acting on them

A

It will return back to the original length or shape

26
Q

What is an elastic deformation and inelastic deformation

A

Elastic returns to its original shape after force has been applied

Inelastic doesn’t return back to its shape after force has been applied

27
Q

Required practical: describe how to investigate the relationship between force and extension for a spring

A

..

28
Q

What does linear mean

A

Straight line

29
Q

What is distance

A

How far an object moves.

distance does not involve direction meaning it’s a scalar quantity

30
Q

What is displacement

A

Both the distance an object moves measured in a straight line from the start to the finishing points in the direction of the straight line meaning displacement is a vector quantity

31
Q

What does speed not involve

A

Direction meaning speed is a scalar quantity

32
Q

What does the speed of a person depend on

A

Age, fitness and distance traveled

33
Q

What’s the speed of a person walking running and cycling

A

Walking 1.5 m/s

running 3 m/s

cycling 6 m/s

34
Q

What is the typical value of speed of sound in air

A

330 m/s

35
Q

What’s the speed of the car on the main road, a fast train in UK and a cruising aeroplane 

A

Car on the main road 13 m/s
fast train in the UK 50 m/s
cruising aeroplane 250 m/s

36
Q

What is velocity

A

The velocity of an object is its speed in a given direction meaning it’s a vector quantity

37
Q

What changes in a circular motion that involves a constant speed

A

The velocity keeps changing

38
Q

An object that slows down is called

A

Deceleration

39
Q

When any objects falls towards the surface of earth it accelerates around what

A

9.8 m/s squared

40
Q

When the object stops accelerating and moves at a constant velocity what is this called

A

Terminal velocity

41
Q

What happens to an object falling through a fluid

A

It’s accelerates due to the force of gravity eventually the resultant force will be zero and the object will move at its terminal velocity

42
Q

The velocity of an object will only change when

A

A resultant force is acting on the object

43
Q

What is newtons first law of motion

A

If the object is stationary it will remain stationary
If the object is moving it will continue to move at the same speed and in the same direction so the object continues to move at the same velocity

44
Q

What is balanced when a vehicle travels at a steady speed

A

The resistance forces
they including friction with the air and friction with the road 

45
Q

What is the Object that stays stationary or continues moving at the same speed and direction unless a resultant force is applied called

A

Inertia

46
Q

What is newtons second law

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

47
Q

What is newtons third law

A

Whenever to objects interact the forces are exerted on each other are equal and opposite

48
Q

What is the stopping distance of a vehicle

A

The sum of the distance the vehicle travels during the drivers reaction time and the distance it travels under the breaking force for a given breaking force the greater
(the speed of the vehicle the greater the stopping distance)

49
Q

What is the typical value of the reaction time from person to person

A

0.2 to 0.9 seconds

50
Q

What can the drivers reaction time be affected by

A

Tiredness
drugs
alcohol
distractions may also affect the drivers ability to react

51
Q

What is the braking distance of a vehicle affected by

A

The road
the weather conditions
the poor condition of the vehicle

52
Q

What is the inertial mass

A

A measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object
(It’s defined as: the ratio of force/acceleration)

53
Q

What type of road conditions cause the braking distance of vehicle to change

A

Icy or wet conditions

And for the car it’s limited to the brakes or tyres

54
Q

Required practical: How to investigate the mass and force affects acceleration

A

Set of a toy car that is attached to a string and the string is looped around a pulley that is attached to a 100g mass
The weight of the mass will provide a force acting on the toy car
Do you need a timer and using chalk drawing lines at equal lengths
Hold the toy car at the starting point and let go of the car
Because there is a force with the string the car will accelerate along the bench
Records the time that the car passes each distance
You could record the experiment on her mobile phone and play the video back to records accurate times
Then repeat the experiment but decrease the mass on the end of the string
The object is the toy car the string and the mass attached to the string all as 1

55
Q

What happens when force is applied to the break of the vehicles

A

Work is done by friction force between the brakes on the wheels reduces the kinetic energy of the vehicle and the temperature of the brakes increases

56
Q

Degree to the breaking force what happens to the deceleration

A

The deceleration of the vehicle is greater larger decelerations may lead to the brakes overheating or loss of control

57
Q

What happens to the momentum in a close system

A

The total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event

58
Q

What is conversion of momentum

A

In a close system the total momentum before and after is equal

Physics GCSE AQA (8 decks)

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