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Nat 5 Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Waves transfer

A

Energy

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2
Q

In a transverse wave the particles

A

Vibrate perpendicular to the direction the wave is travelling

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3
Q

In a longitudinal wave the particles

A

Vibrate parallel to the direction the wave is travelling

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4
Q

/_/_/ this diagram represents a

A

Transverse wave

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5
Q

|| | this diagram represents a

A

Longitudinal wave

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6
Q

Examples of transverse waves include

A

Water, light, radio and television (or any other electromagnetic wave)

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7
Q

An example of a longitudinal wave is

A

Sound

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8
Q

The frequency of a wave is defined as

A

The number of waves that pass a point each second
N
f = —
t

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9
Q

The unit of frequency is

A

Hertz Hz

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10
Q

The speed of a wave is defined as

A

Distance travelled by a wave in one second

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11
Q

The unit of speed is

A

Metres per second ms-1

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12
Q

The relationship between speed, distance and time for a wave is

A

d
v = —
t

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13
Q

The amplitude of a wave is defined as

A

The size of maximum disturbance from the zero position

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14
Q

The greater the amplitude of a wave

A

The greater the energy of the wave

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15
Q

The wavelength of a wave is

A

The distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the next wave

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16
Q

The period of a wave is

A

The time taken for a wave to pass a point

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17
Q

The unit of wavelength is

A

Metres m

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18
Q

The unit of period is

A

Seconds s

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19
Q

The relationship between period and frequency is

A

1
f = —
T

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20
Q

The relationship between speed, frequency and wavelength is

A

v = fλ

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21
Q

The relationship between frequency, number of waves and time is

A

N
f = —
t

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22
Q

Diffraction is the ability of a wave to

A

Bend round a corner or through a gap

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23
Q

Longer wavelength waves diffract

A

More than shorter wavelength waves

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24
Q

/\ /\
_/ _/ The line represents the

A

Amplitude

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25
Q

____
/\ /\ The line represents the
_/ _/

A

Wavelength

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26
Q

The material a wave passes through is known as

A

The medium

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27
Q

Electromagnetic waves have a range of

A

Wavelengths and frequencies

28
Q

The order of the bands of electromagnetic spectrum, from longest to shortest wavelength is

A

Radio wave, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays

29
Q

All electromagnetic waves travel at

A

The speed of light

30
Q

Electromagnetic waves are

A

Transverse waves

31
Q

A detector of radio waves is

A

Aerial

32
Q

Applications of radio waves include

A

Communication, mri scanners

33
Q

Detectors of microwaves include

A

Aerial
Diode detector

34
Q

Applications of microwaves include

A

Satellite communication
WiFi
Bluetooth
Radar
GPS

35
Q

Detectors of infrared include

A

Photodiode
Blackened thermometer
Thermochromic film

36
Q

Applications of infrared include

A

Night vision goggles
Thermographic imaging
Remote controls

37
Q

Detectors of visible light include

A

Photodiode
CCD (charged-couple-device)
Photographic film

38
Q

Applications of visible light include

A

Photography
Lasers

39
Q

Detectors of ultraviolet radiation include

A

Fluorescent chemicals
Photodiode

40
Q

Applications of ultraviolet radiation include

A

Fluorescence
Treatment of skin conditions
Sterilisation of medical instruments
Sterilisation of water

41
Q

A detector of x-rays is

A

Photographic film

42
Q

Applications of x-rays include

A

Radiographs (internal images of objects/people)
Radiotherapy (treatment of cancer)

43
Q

Detectors of gamma rays include

A

Geiger-Müller tube
Photographic film

44
Q

Applications of gamma rays include

A

Treatment of cancer
Radioactive tracers

45
Q

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes

A

Skin cancer

46
Q

Refraction is

A

The change in speed of light when it passes from one medium into another

47
Q

When light passes form a fast medium into a slow medium

A

It’s changed direction towards the normal

48
Q

When light passes from a slow medium into a fast medium

A

It changes direction away from the normal

49
Q

The angle between the normal and incoming ray is called

A

The angle of incidence

50
Q

The angle between the normal and out going ray is called

A

The angle of refraction

51
Q

In refraction diagrams all angles are measured to

A

The normal

52
Q

Sources of microwaves include

A

Gunn diode
Maser
The sun
Cosmic microwave background radiation

53
Q

Sources of radio waves include

A

Aerial
Galaxies

54
Q

Sources of infrared include

A

Infrared LED
infrared laser

55
Q

Sources of visible include

A

Lamp
LED
Laser
Star

56
Q

Sources of x-rays include

A

X-ray tube
Lightning
Supernova remnants
Black holes

57
Q

Sources of gamma rays include

A

Radioactive materials
Lightning
Cosmic rays
Neutron stars
Black holes

58
Q

Sources of ultraviolet radiation include

A

Ultraviolet LED
ultraviolet lamp
Ultraviolet laser
The sun

59
Q

What happens to the speed of light as it travels from air into glass?

A

The speed of light in glass is slower than the speed of light in air.

60
Q

What path will the ray of light take as it passes through the glass prism?

A

Light ray is refracted at air/glass boundary and glass/ air boundary. Both result in a change of direction.

As it enters the block the speed of the light decreases and it changes direction towards the normal.

As it leaves the block the speed of the light increases and it changes direction away from the normal.

61
Q

In the hills you can sometimes pick up a radio signal but not a television signal?

A

Radio waves are longer wavelengths than television waves.

Radio waves diffract more and can reach the receiver.

62
Q

What happens when white light is shone through a triangular prism

A

The light is refracted and produces a spectrum.

63
Q

Why does a triangular prism produce a spectrum from white light?

A

Different frequencies/colours of light refract by different amounts.

64
Q

You are 5km away from a thunder storm. What reaches you first - the thunder or the lighning? Explain your answer.

A

The lightning. The speed of light is faster than the speed of sound.

65
Q

Which member of the electromagnetic spectrum has the most energy?

A

Gamma radiation as it has the highest frequency

Nat 5 Physics (6 decks)

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