Properties of Matter

Question 1

Heat is

Answer 1

a form of energy

Question 2

Temperature is

Answer 2

a measure of the
mean (average) kinetic energy of its particles.

Question 3

The unit of heat (energy) is

Answer 3

joules
or
J

Question 4

The unit of specific heat capacity is

Answer 4

joules per kilogram per degree celsius
or
J kg-1°C-1

Question 5

Specific heat capacity is

Answer 5

the energy required to increase the temperature of one kilogram of a material by one degree celsius
or
the energy released when the temperature of one kilogram of a material decreases by one degree celsius

Question 6

The relationship between energy, specific heat
capacity, mass and temperature change is

Answer 6

energy = s.h.c × mass × temperature change
or
𝐸ℎ= 𝑐𝑚∆T

Question 7

The energy required to change the temperature of
a material depends on:

Answer 7

what it’s made from/its specific heat capacity
its mass the temperature increase

Question 8

Heat can be transferred by three processes:

Answer 8

conduction
convection
radiation

Question 9

The main method of heat transfer in solids is

Answer 9

conduction

Question 10

The main method of heat transfer in fluids (liquids
and gases) is

Answer 10

convection

Question 11

The only method of heat transfer in a vacuum is

Answer 11

radiation

Question 12

The surfaces that radiate the most heat are

Answer 12

black

Question 13

Specific latent heat of fusion is

Answer 13

the energy required to change one kilogram of a substance from a solid at its melting point to a liquid at the same temperature
or
the energy released when one kilogram of a
substance changes from a liquid at its freezing point to a solid at the same temperature

Question 14

Specific latent heat of vaporisation is

Answer 14

the energy required to change one kilogram of a substance from a liquid at its boiling point to a gas at the same temperature
or
the energy released when one kilogram of a
substance changes from a gas at its condensation point to a liquid at the same temperature

Question 15

The relationship between energy, specific latent
heat and mass is

Answer 15

energy = mass × specific latent heat
or
𝐸ℎ= 𝑚l

Question 16

While a material changes state its temperature

Answer 16

does not change
or
remains constant

Question 17

The unit of latent heat are

Answer 17

joules per kilogram
or
J kg-1

Question 18

Pressure is

Answer 18

force per unit area

Question 19

The relationship between pressure, force and area is

Answer 19

F
p + –
A

Question 20

The unit of pressure is

Answer 20

newtons per square metre or N m-2
or
pascals or Pa

Question 21

The lowest possible temperature is known as

Answer 21

absolute zero

Question 22

To unit of absolute temperature is

Answer 22

kelvin or K

Question 23

To convert a temperature from degrees celsius to kelvin

Answer 23

add 273

Question 24

Absolute zero is

Answer 24

0 K or -273 °C

Question 25

The relationship between pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature is

Answer 25

pressure is inversely proportional to volume
or
1
𝑝 ∝ –
𝑉
or
𝑝1𝑉1 = 𝑝2𝑉2

Question 26

The relationship between pressure and
temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is

Answer 26

pressure is directly proportional to temperature in
kelvin
or
𝑝 ∝ 𝑇
or
𝑝1 𝑝2
— = —
𝑇1 𝑇2

Question 27

The relationship between volume and temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure is

Answer 27

volume is directly proportional to temperature in
kelvin
or
𝑉 ∝ 𝑇
or
𝑉1 𝑉2
— = —
𝑇1 𝑇2

Question 28

The relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed mass of gas is

Answer 28

𝑝𝑉
— = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑇
or
𝑝1𝑉1 𝑝2𝑉2
——- = ——-
𝑇1 𝑇2

Question 29

In the kinetic model, gas particles are

Answer 29

in constant random motion

Question 30

In the kinetic model, the pressure of a gas can be
accounted for by

Answer 30

the collisions of gas particles with the walls of the
container

Question 31

When a gas is heated the particles move

Answer 31

faster

Question 32

When the temperature of a gas increases the gas particles collide with the walls of the container

Answer 32

with more force (harder) and more frequently

Question 33

When the volume of a container is decreased the particles collide with the walls of the container

Answer 33

with the same force, but more frequently

Question 34

When the temperature of a gas decreases the gas particles collide with the walls of the container

Answer 34

with less force(less hard) and less frequently

Question 35

When the volume of a container is increased the particles collide with the walls of the container

Answer 35

with the same force, but less frequently

Question 36

Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you increase the temperature of a fixed mass gas in a fixed volume container?

Answer 36

Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
The temperature is increased. The particles gain kinetic energy.
They will move faster and so hit the sides of the container more often and with a greater velocity and so greater force.
So the pressure increases.

Question 37

Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you decrease the volume of a fixed mass gas at a constant temperature?

Answer 37

Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
The volume is decreased. The particles have less room to move about and so hit the sides of the container more often creating a larger force.
So the pressure increases.

Question 38

Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a fixed mass of gas, at a constant temperature.

Answer 38

Boyles Law:

A pump is used to put pressure on oil which puts pressure on a fixed mass of trapped gas.
Valve is closed.
Volume of air column is read off the scale.
Pressure is read off the bourdon gauge.
Valve is opened and closed to change the pressure to get a set of readings.
Draw graph of pressure against volume.

Question 39

What is conservation of energy?

Answer 39

Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred from one type to another.

Question 40

Explain how snow shoes prevent you sinking into the snow.

Answer 40

Snow shoes have a large area. So the force of the person (weight) is spread over a larger area so the pressure exterted on the snow is less as P = F/A