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Nat 5 Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

Current is

A

Amount of charge that passes a point each second
Q
I = –
s

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2
Q

Voltage is

A

The energy given to each charge

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3
Q

Resistance is

A

The opposition of current

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4
Q

Power is

A

Energy used per second

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5
Q

The unit of current is

A

Amperes A

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6
Q

The unit of voltage is

A

Volts V

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7
Q

The unit of resistance is

A

Ohms Ω

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8
Q

The unit of power is

A

Watts W

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9
Q

The unit of energy is

A

Joules J

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10
Q

The unit of charge is

A

Coulombs C

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11
Q

Voltage across components in series

A

Is shared, adds up to the supply voltage

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12
Q

Current in series components is

A

The same

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13
Q

Voltage across components in parallel is

A

The same

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14
Q

Current in parallel components

A

Is split, adds up to the supply current

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15
Q

The relationship between current, voltage and resistance is

A

V = IR

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16
Q

The relationship between power, current and voltage is

A

P = IV

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17
Q

The relationship between power, current and resistance is

A

P = I^2 R

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18
Q

The relationship between power, voltage and resistance is

A

V^2
P = —
R

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19
Q

The combined resistance of resistors in series is given by the relationship

A

Rt = R1 + R2 + …

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20
Q

The combined resistance of resistors in parallel is given by the relationship

A

1 1 1
— = — + — + …
Rt R1 R2

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21
Q

Graph of a wave is

A

Alternating current (a.c.)

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22
Q

What is AC.

A

A current whose instantaneous value and direction varies with time.

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23
Q

Graph is a horizontal line which is

A

Direct current (d.c.)

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24
Q

In alternating current the current

A

Reverses direction every fraction of a second

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25
In direct current the current
Is always in the same direction
26
To measure the current in a component an ammeter is connected
In series with the component
27
To measure the voltage across a component a voltmeter is connected
In parallel with the component
28
The purpose of a fuse is
to protect wiring from overheating by breaking when too much current passes through them
29
The general rule for fuse choice based on the power rating of an appliance is
3A fuse for appliances with a power rating up to 720 W 13A fuse for appliances rated over 720 W
30
The energy change in a motor is
electrical to kinetic
31
The energy change in a lamp is
electrical to light (and heat)
32
The energy change in a loudspeaker is
electrical to sound
33
The energy change in a microphone is
sound to electrical
34
The purpose of a relay is
to allow low voltage electronic circuits to switch on and off appliances that operate at higher voltages
35
The function of a diode is
to only allow current in one direction
36
The energy change in an LED is
electrical to light
37
A resistor is connected in series with an LED to
prevent damage to the LED
38
Increasing the resistance (connected in series circuit, battery, resistor, capacitor)
increases the time taken to charge the capacitor
39
Increasing the capacitance (connected in series circuit, battery, resistor, capacitor)
increases the time taken to charge the capacitor
40
The function of a transistor is
as an electronic switch
41
In a voltage divider, the relationship between the resistances (R1 and R2) and the voltages across the resistors (V1 and V2) is
the ratio of the voltages is equal to the ratio of resistances or 𝑉1 𝑅1 --- = --- 𝑉2 𝑅2
42
In a voltage divider, the relationship between the resistances (R1 and R2), the supply voltage(Vs) and voltage across a resistor (V2) is
𝑅1 𝑉 = ----------- x 𝑉s 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
43
What happens if a positive and a negative charge are brought together?
They attract each other
44
Name one source of AC
Mains supply
45
What happens if two positive charges are brought together?
They repel each other
46
What is a Light Dependent Resistor?
A resistor whose resistance changes with changes in light level
47
What would happen to an electron being fired through the electric field between 2 plates?
It would experience a force and be attracted to the positive plate.
48
How does a relay work?
Close a switch to make a current flow in a wire. This creates an electromagnet. Electromagnet attracts metal switch. This completes the second circuit and the lamp switches on.
49
What will be the voltage across a capacitor when it is fully discharged?
Zero volts.
50
What happens if you increase the resistance in a circuit?
The current will decrease
51
What is DC?
Direct current. Electrons move in one direction only.
52
What would the field lines around a positive point charge look like?
Field lines show direction away from the positive point charge
53
How can you identify a series circuit?
It is a circuit with only one path round it.
54
Name one source of DC
Battery
55
How should a diode or LED be connected with a battery to light correctly?
Small line on battery points to small line on LED or diode.
56
Explain how a fuse works.
A fuse is a thin wire. If too much current passes through it, it will get hot and melt. This breaks the circuit.
57
What is electric charge?
An electric charge occurs when there are fewer or more electrons than protons.
58
If you heat a conductor, what happens to it's resistance?
It increases
59
What does an electric field line show?
The direction a positive charge would move in that field.
60
State what is meant by AC?
Alternating current. The electrons change direction, moving backwards and forwards, many times in a second.

Nat 5 Physics (6 decks)

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