Waves Flashcards
Aerial
a long wire that produces radio waves when an oscillating current is passed down it
Angle of Incident
the angle at which the incident ray hits the normal
Angle of Reflection
the angle at which the reflected ray leaves the normal
Antihelix
curved visible part of the ear
Antitragus
small notch just above the lobule
Anvil
small ear in your bone that vibrates to allow you to hear
Aperture Stop
physically limits the solid angle of rays passing through the system from an on-axis object, in other words, limits the brightness
Auditory Nerve
nerve that allows you to hear
Auditory Ossicles
group of small bones in the ear that vibrate to allow you to hear
Black
where nothing is reflected and everything is absorbed
Black Filter
where all light is absorbed and nothing is reflected
Blue Filter
where blue light is transmitted and red and green are absorbed
Bluetooth
a use for radio waves that connects a computer to peripheral devices
Cartilage
holds shape of the ear
CCD
Charge-Coupled Device
sensors that convert x-rays to light, creating electronic signals in the sensors that are sent to a computer which displays a digital x-ray image
Cilla
small hairs in the middle air that waft mucous away
Cochlea
converts auditory signals to neural impulses
Cochlea Nerve
another word for auditory nerve
Cochlear Implant
Compression
area where longitudinal waves are closer together
CAT Scans
Computerised Axial-Tomography Scans
multiple x-rays used to build up a 3D model with more details shown than a normal x-ray that can differentiate between soft tissues, but uses a higher dose of radiation than a normal x-ray
Cosmic Radiation
radiation from space
Crust
outer layer of the Earth, solid
Continental Crust
thick (10-70km) less dense and older than oceanic crust
Oceanic Crust
thin (7km), young, dense, so sinks under the continental crust
Crystallography
where x-rays are used to see inside crystals
Cyan
blue and green light
Cyan Light
where red and blue light is transmitted and green is absorbed
Diffuse
reflection from a rough surface
Diffuse Reflection
reflection off rough surfaces that you can’t see a reflection in
Distress Signal
use for visible light
Dobson Units
units for measuring the amount of ozone
Ear Canal
pathway from outer ear to eardrum
Ear Drum
thin membrane that is vibrated by sound waves
Ear Wax
protects the ear by trapping dirt and fighting infections
Echolocation
a method that bats, dolphins and blind people use for location
Electromagnetic Waves
waves which do not need a medium, eg light
Endoscope
contains two bundles of fibres that transmit light into a body cavity for medical examination
Epi-Centre
where an earthquake originates from
Eustachian Tube
a hollow tube from the ears to the tube that is lined with hair-like projections that sweep mucus away from the middle ear
External Auditory Meatus
another word for ear canal
Filter
something that transmits only one colour of light
Focal Length
the distance between the lens to the principal focus
Green Filter
where green light is transmitted and red and blue are absorbed
Hammer
small bone in the ear that vibrates to allow you to hear
Helix
part of the ear not visible from the outside
Impure Note
a note with inconsistent amplitude and frequency
Incident Rays
original rays
Incus
another name for anvil, the bone moved by the hammer
Infared
wavelength beyond red that we can’t see, refracted less than red and its wavelength is longer
Inner Core
innermost layer of the Earth, solid
Ionosphere
layer of atmosphere that reflects radio waves
Lateral Inversion
reversal of right and left
Law of Reflection
the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence
Lead
a good absorber of radiation
Lead Absorber Plates
put between the patient and the x-ray tube to stop x-rays reaching other parts of the body
Lighthouse
use for visible light
Lobule
scientific word for earlobe, helps to warm the ears and maintian balance
Longitudinal Wave
waves where the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer
L-Waves
Love Waves
a combination between P-Waves and S-Waves that travel along the surface of the Earth and cause the most destruction, the slowest form of wave
Magenta
blue and red light
Magenta Filter
where red and blue light is transmitted and green is absorbed
Malleus
another word for hammer, the bone that moves when the ear drum vibrates
Mantle
second layer of the Earth, semi-solid
Mechanical Wave
waves that need a medium eg sound waves, water waves
Mobile Phones
a use for microwaves
Monochromatic
light like that emitted by lasers and neon lamps that has one wavelength of colour
Negative Image
the image on the film from an x-ray
Normal
the point at which incident rays are reflected and become reflected rays
Opaque
things that you can’t see through
Optical Fibres
fibres that light can be passed down, used in endoscopies and colonscopies
Oscillating
something that is vibrating
Oscillation
repetitive vibrations
Outer Crust
third layer of the Earth, liquid
Outer Ear
the external part of the ear that directs sound waves
Oval Window
one of two openings between the middle ear and the outer ear
Ozone
a layer of the atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun
Peak
the top of a wave
Perfect Black Body
an object that absorbs all of the radiation incident on it, does not reflect or transmit any radiation, since a good absorber is also a good emitter, a perfect black body is the best possible emitter
Pinna
another word for outer ear
Pixels
light-sensitive cells in digital camera
Primary Colours of Light
red, green and blue
Pure Note
a note with constant frequency and amplitude
P-Waves
Primary Waves
longitudinal seismic waves that can travel through solids and liquids faster than S-Waves
Radar
a use for radio waves
Radiograph
an image produced on a sensitive plate or film by X-rays, gamma rays, or similar radiation, and typically used in medical examination
Radon Gas
gas that seeps through the earth from deep underground
Ray Diagram
diagrams used to show rays and how they are reflected
Real Image
one that is formed by focusing the light rays at a point, can be projected onto a screen
Red Filter
where red light is transmitted and blue and green are absorbed
Reflected Rays
rays that are reflected
Remote Controls
use for infared waves
Richter Scale
scale used to measure seismic waves
Ripple Tank
a specialised form of wave tank used for demonstrating basic properties of waves
Round Wave
one of two openings between the middle and outer ear
Sat Nav
a use for microwaves
Secondary Colours of Lights
cyan, yellow and magenta
Seismic Waves
waves created by earthquakes and volcano eruptions
Seismologist
scientists who study seismic waves
Seismology
study of seismic waves
Seismometer
device used to detect seismic waves
Semicircular Canals
three fluid-filled channels in the ear that help maintian balance
Shadow Zone
area where no seismic waves can be detected
Sky TV
a use for radio waves
Sonar
a pulse of ultrasound used to locate things
Specular Reflection
reflection off smooth surfaces that you can see a reflection in
Speed of Sound
330 m/s
Stem
another word for antihelix
Stirrup
small bone in the ear that vibrates to allow you to hear
S-Waves
Secondary Waves
transverse seismic waves that can only travel through solids, stands for Secondary Waves
Tragus
projection of the outer ear
Translucent
things that you can partially see through
Transmission
the movement of light through a material
Transparent
things that you can see through
Transverse Wave
waves where the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
Trough
the bottom of a wave
Tympanic Cavity
another word for middle ear
Tympanic Membrane
another word for eardrum
Ultrasound
sound above the maximum frequency that humans can hear, 20000Hz
Ultraviolet
wavelength beyond purple that we can’t see, it is refracted more than violet and its wavelength is shorter
Undisturbed Position
midpoint between peak and trough
Vestibular Nerve
branches of the ventrobulocochlear nerves
Ventrobulocochlear Nerve
conveying sensory impulses from the organs of hearing and balance in the inner ear to the brain
Vibrations
a constant repeated up and down or back and forth motion
Virtual Image
one that is formed by focusing the light rays at a point, can be projected onto a screen
Visible Spectrum
consists of all the light we fan see: red, orange , yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Red is the longest wavelength and is refracted the least, whereas violet is the shortest wavelength is and is refracted the most
Wave
a series of disturbances that are the same distance from each other and transfer energy from one place to another
Wave Speed
the speed at which the energy is transferred, or the waves moves, through the medium, measured in metres per second, m/s
White
where everything is reflected and nothing is absorbed
White Filter
where all light is reflected and nothing is absorbed
White Light
light from ordinary lamps and the Sun
X-Ray Therapy
used to destroy cancerous cells in the body
X-Ray Tube
produces X rays by accelerating electrons to a high velocity with a high-voltage field and causing them to collide with a targe
Yellow
red and green light
Yellow Filter
where red and green light is transmitted and blue is absorbed
