Waterborne Virus Flashcards
Major waterborne viruses
Norovirus, Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Astrovirus, Enterovirus, Hep A., Hep E
Fresh vs Salt water
Fresh water has more pathogenic organisms and higher exposure
WB pathogen exposures
poor water treatment, poor supply, cross-contamination, recreational water use, daycare, shellfish, aerosols
Water viral detection
Ultrafiltration, Ultracentrifugation, cell culture, standard plaque assay, PCR/RT-PCR
Rotavirus characteristics
6 serogroups, no cross reactivity(antibody for A doesn’t work for B), Triple layers of protein, replication in cytoplasm, pH 3-9 down to 4C
Rotavirus found in
poor countries especially India
Rotavirus symptoms
fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, 3-8 days
Rotavirus transmission
person to person direct contact food water
Rotavirus immunity
90% of children immune by age 3
Rotavirus detection
RT-PCR and DNA sequencing
Rotavirus treatment
rehydration, chlorine, ozone/uv, vaccine
Norovirus characteristics
non-enveloped RNA and 180 copies of capsid protein in 30 hexagons
Norovirus symptoms
Diarrhea, vomiting, fever, nausea, 1-3days infects all, 10 PCR-detectable units to cause infection
Norovirus treatment
10mg/L chlorine in water source and rehydration
Norovirus sources
raw food such as leafy greens and shellfish
