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Chemistry 1/2 > Water Topic > Flashcards

Water Topic Flashcards

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0
Q

Solubility

A

A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution, at a given temperature

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1
Q

Solution

A

A homogenous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

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2
Q

Solubility curve

A

A plot of solubility versus temperature for a particular solute dissolved in a particular solvent

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3
Q

Solvent

A

A substance, usually a liquid, which is able to dissolve a solute. E.g water

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4
Q

Solute

A

A substance that dissolves in a solvent, e.g sugar

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5
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of an amount of substance, usually 1 gram by 1•C

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6
Q

Precipitation

A

Aka double replacement. Formation of an insoluble product (precipitate) from aqueous solutions of ionic salts

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7
Q

Ion-dipole attraction

A

The force of attraction between an ion and a polar molecule

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8
Q

Ionic equations

A

Equations written to show only those substances which actively take part it change in a reaction

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9
Q

The process of dissolving involves the…

A

… Dissociation of an ionic substance in water (precipitation reaction)

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10
Q

Precipitation reaction ionic equation:

Pb(NO¬3)2 (aq) + K2SO4 (aq)

A 
PbSO4 (s) + 2KNO3¬ (aq)
 Pb2+ + NO3¬- + 2K+ + SO42- 
(Soluble ions get cancelled out)
Therefore ionic equation is:
Pb2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) PbSO4 (s)
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11
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A

Measures the energy required to change the state of a substance at it’s melting or boiling temperature

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12
Q

Latent heat of vaporization of water

A

The amount of energy required to change a fixed amount of water from a liquid to a gas at 100•C

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13
Q

Respiration formula

A

C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) –> 6H2O (l) + 6CO2

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14
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

6H2O (l) + 6CO2 (g) –> C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g)

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15
Q

Intermolecular

A

Like internet.

The forces between different molecules

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16
Q

Intramolecular

A

Like intranet.

Forces holding atoms together within a molecule

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17
Q

Colloids

A

Very small particles spread throughout a liquid, solid or gas. These particles are bigger than single molecules bus so small that they do not settle on standing

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18
Q

Dissociation

A

The separation of positive and negative ions as an ionic lattice melts or dissolves

19
Q

Electrolyte

A

A solution or molten substance that conducts electricity by means of the movement of ions

20
Q

Hydrated ions

A

Ions surrounded by water molecules in aqueous solutions

22
Q

Hydronium ion

A

The H3O+ ion

23
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A strong dipole-dipole attraction that form between molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to one of the electronegative elements nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine

24
Q

Ionisation

A

a. The reaction of a molecular substance with a solvent to form ions in solution
b. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or ion

25
Q

Latent heat

A

The energy needed to change the state of a substance at its melting or boiling temperature

26
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The reaction that occurs in the leaves of plants between carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, to form glucose and oxygen

27
Q

Respiration

A

A biological process in which nutrients are broken down to simpler molecules with the release of energy

28
Q

Concentration

A

A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent or solution

29
Q

Crystalisiation

A

Some solute comes out of solution to form crystals

30
Q

Dilute

A

A dilute solution is one in which the ration of amount os solute to solvent or solution is low

31
Q

Dilution

A

The addition of solvent to a solution to reduce its concentration

32
Q

Molarity

A

The amount of solute (mole) dissolved in 1 litre of solution

33
Q

Saturated solution

A

A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at the given temperature

34
Q

Supersaturated solution

A

An unstable solution that has more solute dissolved at that temperature than a saturated solution

35
Q

Unsaturated solution

A

A solution that contains less solute dissolved at that temperature than a saturated solution

36
Q

Chlorination

A

Reactions with chlorine

37
Q

Desalination

A

The removal of salts from seawater to obtain fresh water

38
Q

Distillation

A

The separation of a liquid from a solid or other liquid by heating to cause evaporation, followed by cooling to cause condensation

39
Q

Filtrate

A

The liquid that passes through a filter

40
Q

Flocculation

A

Small suspended particles come together to form larger, heavier particles, which are usually insoluble

41
Q

Ion exchange

A

A process in which ions are removed from a solution by absorption onto the surface of a resin. The resin releases other ions (usually H+ or OH-) into the solution in exchange

42
Q

Ionic equation

A

An equation that includes only the ions involved in that equation

43
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid formed during a reaction in which two or more solutions are mixed

44
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

Reaction between substances in solution in which one of the products are insoluble

45
Q

Reverse osmosis

A

A process by which pure water can be obtained from salt water, causing a net flow of water molecules away from the solution through a semipermeable membrane

46
Q

Spectator ions

A

Ions that remain in a solution and are unchanged in the course of a reaction, Spectator ions are not included in ionic equations

Chemistry 1/2 (5 decks)

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