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Chemistry 1/2 > Gases > Flashcards

Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

Biosphere

A

The part of the earth’s environment that supports life

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2
Q

Carbon-oxygen cycle

A

The path taken by carbon and oxygen atoms as they react to form new compounds and move around the biosphere

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3
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

A warming of the earth’s atmosphere due to the absorption of infrared radiation by gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapour

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4
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Gases which are able to absorb infrared radiation coming from the Earth’s surface, e.g. carbon dioxide and methane

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5
Q

Ozone layer

A

A region in the atmosphere, 10-30 km above the earth’s surface, with a higher concentration of ozone than other regions of the atmosphere

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6
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

The conversion of nitrogen into nitrate and ammonium ions

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7
Q

Nitrogen-oxygen cycle

A

The path taken by nitrogen and oxygen atoms as they react to form new compounds and move around the biosphere.

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8
Q

Stratosphere

A

A region in the atmosphere beyond the troposphere where the temperature ranges from -25 C to 25 C

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9
Q

Troposphere

A

A region in the inner atmosphere where the temperature ranges from 25 C to -25 C

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10
Q

Ultraviolet radiation

A

A form of high-energy radiation coming from the sun

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11
Q

Acid rain

A

Rainwater that has reacted with acidic emissions from industry and has a pH less than 5.5

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12
Q

Acidic oxide

A

An oxide, generally of a non-metal, that either reacts with water to form an acid or reacts with a base

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13
Q

Chloroflurocarbons

A

Synthetic compounds containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon atoms, e.g. CF2Cl2

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14
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil and natural gas; fuels derived from the remains of animal and plant matter

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15
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect

A

An increase in the temperature of the atmosphere due to an increased concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapour

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16
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Gases which are able to absorb infrared radiation coming from the Earth’s surface, e.g. carbon dioxide and methane

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17
Q

Global warming

A

The gradual increase of Earth’s temperature

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18
Q

Haemoglobin

A

A protein in blood that transports oxygen around the body to the cells

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19
Q

Halons

A

Synthetic compounds containing chlorine, bromine and carbon atoms

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20
Q

Oxidised

A

When a substance has lost one or more electrons

21
Q

Ozone layer

A

A region in the stratosphere, 10-30 km above the Earth’s surface, with a higher concentration of ozone than other regions of the atmosphere

22
Q

Photochemical smog

A

Air pollution produced through the action of sunlight on oxides of nitrogen and unburnt hydrocarbons to form ozone and other pollutants

23
Q

Propellant

A

An unreactive gas that is compressed and used to disperse liquids

24
Q

Basic oxide

A

An oxide of a metal which either reacts with water to form hydroxide ions or reacts with H3O+ ions

25
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction but are not consumed in that reaction

26
Q

Corrosion

A

The reaction of a metal with oxygen and other substances in its environment

27
Q

Decomposition

A

The breaking down of a compound to form two or more other compounds or elements

28
Q

Displacement

A

A process in which one substance replaces another

29
Q

Dry ice

A

Solid carbon dioxide

30
Q

Fermentation

A

The conversion of sugar solutions, in the presence of yeast, to form ethanol and carbon dioxide

31
Q

Fractional distillation

A

The separation of a mixture into different fractions, each containing a number of gases with similar boiling temperatures

32
Q

Noble gas

A

The unreactive gaseous elements of group 18 of the periodic table

33
Q

Absolute zero

A

-273 C or 0 K. Molecules and atoms have minimum kinetic energy at this temperature

34
Q

Avogadro’s law

A

At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules

35
Q

Boyle’s law

A

Pα 1/v at constant temperature

36
Q

Charles’ law

A

V α T at constant temperature

37
Q

Combined gas equation

A

P1V1 / n1T1 = P2V2 / n2T2

38
Q

Elastic

A

Able to be stretched and then return to original shape when stretching force is removed

39
Q

General gas equation

A

pV=nRT

40
Q

Ideal gas

A

A gas that obeys the general gas equation at all temperatures and pressures

41
Q

Kelvin scale

A

The absolute temperature scale (K= C + 273)

42
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy that a particle or body has because of its motion

43
Q

Molar volume

A

The volume occupied by 1 mole of gas at a specified set of conditions. At SLC, the molar volume of gases is 24.5 L/mol

44
Q

Mole

A

The amount of substance that contains the same number of fundamental particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of Carbon 12, symbol n

45
Q

Pressure

A

The force exerted per unit area of a surface

46
Q

Partial pressure

A

The pressure exerted by one component of a mixture of gases

47
Q

Standard laboratory conditions (SLC)

A

Defined as 25C or (298 K) and 101.3 kPa pressure

48
Q

Standard temperature and pressure (STP)

A

Defined as 0C or (273 K) and 101.3 kPa pressure

49
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space that a substance requires

Chemistry 1/2 (5 decks)

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