WATER SYSTEM IN A BUILDING Flashcards
system consisting of building supply pipe, water distributing pipes, and necessary connecting pipes, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances carrying or supplying potable water in or adjacent to the building or premises
WATER SYSTEM IN A BUILDING
combination of two chemical elements: hydrogen and oxygen
Water
natural state of Water
- liquid
- solid (ice)
- gas (water vapor or steam)
The Three Sources of Water
- Rain Water
- Natural Surface Water
- Underground Water
from roofs of buildings and special water shed and stored in cisterns or ponds
Rain Water
advantages
* water is soft and pure
* suitable for the hot water supply system
Rain Water
disadvantages
* only a source during the wet season
* storage becomes breeding place for mosquitoes
* roofs may be unclean
Rain Water
from streams and rivers
mixture of surface run-off and ground water
surface sources: rivers, lakes, ponds, and impounding reservoirs
Natural Surface Water
advantages
* usually easy to acquire and in large quantities
* for irrigation, industrial purposes, and when treated, for community water supply
Natural Surface Water
disadvantages
* large amounts of bacteria, organic and inorganic substances
* purification & treatment is necessary
Natural Surface Water
portion of rainwater which has percolated into the earth to form underground deposits called aquifers (water-bearing soil formation)
springs and wells: principal source of water for domestic use in most rural areas
Ground water
advantages
* abundant supply
* requires less treatment because of natural filtering
Ground water
disadvantages
* may have organic matter and chemical elements
* usually, treatment is suggested
Ground water
plays an important part in the plumbing system
providing ______is one of the most critical utility requirement
universal solvent
Water
3 major stages of water cycle
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- Precipitation
liquid to gas
from the ground into the overlying atmosphere
Evaporation
water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fog
Condensation
processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired eng-use
Water Treatment
process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from contaminated water
Water Purification
water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb additional oxygen for better taste
Aeration
chemical process in which the coagulant reacts with the sediment to make it capable of combining into larger particles
Coagulation
physical process in which the sediment particles collide with each other and stick together
Flocculation
physical water treatment process used to settle out suspended solids in water under the influence of gravity
Sedimentation
water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles
Filtration