LIFE SAFETY SYSTEM IN BUILDINGS Flashcards
any system incorporated into a building whose purpose is the protection and preservation of human life during an emergency or failure of a critical building system
life safety system
includes architectural systems that provide emergency egress and protected areas within buildings through physical layout and construction and mechanical systems that include fire suppression systems such as sprinklers, smoke removal, stairwell pressurization, water storage and pressurization, and other similar systems
life safety system
include power, communication, and control systems that the electrical contracting firm is involved with, including emergency detection and notification; emergency and standby power systems; emergency and exit lighting, and similar systems
life safety system
Fire zones are areas within which only certain types of buildings are permitted to be
constructed based on their use or occupancy, type of construction, and resistance to fire.
SECTION 501. Fire Zones Defined
A building or structure which is located partly in one fire zone and partly in another shall be
considered to be in the more highly restrictive fire zone, when more than one-third of its total floor
area is located in such zone.
SECTION 502. Buildings located in more than One Fire Zone
Any building or structure moved within or into any fire zone shall be made to comply with all
the requirements for buildings in that fire zone.
SECTION 503. Moved Building
Temporary buildings such as reviewing stands and other miscellaneous structures conforming
to the requirements of this Code, and sheds, canopies and fences used for the protection of the public
around and in conjunction with construction work, may be erected in the fire zones by special permit
from the Building Official for a limited period of time, and such buildings or structures shall be completely removed upon the expiration of the time limit stated in such permits.
SECTION 504. Temporary Buildings
For the purpose of this Chapter, the center line of an adjoining street or alley may be
considered an adjacent property line. Distances shall be measured at right angles to the street or
alley.
SECTION 505. Center Lines of Streets
Existing buildings or structures in fire zones that do not comply with the requirements for a
new building erected therein shall not hereafter be enlarged, altered, remodeled, repaired or moved
except as follows:
(a) Such building is entirely demolished;
(b) Such building is to be moved outside the limits of the more highly restrictive Fire Zone to
a zone where the building meets the minimum standards;
(c) Changes, alterations and repairs may be made provided that in any 12-month period, the
value of the work does not exceed twenty percent of the value of the existing building, and provided
that, such changes do not add additional combustible material, and do not, in the opinion of the
Building Official, increase the fire hazard;
(d) Additions thereto are separated from the existing building by fire walls, as set forth in
Sub-section 604 (b);
(e) Damage from fire or earthquake, typhoons or any fortuitous event may be repaired, using
the same kind of materials of which the building or structure was originally constructed, provided that,
the cost of such repair shall not exceed twenty percent of the replacement cost of the building or structure.
SECTION 506. Restrictions on Existing Buildings
The Secretary shall promulgate specific restrictions for each type of Fire Zone. Cities and municipalities shall be divided into such Fire Zones in accordance with local, physical, and spatial framework plans submitted by city or municipal planning and/or development bodies.
1 . Designation of Fire Zones is purposely for management, prevention, control and suppression of conflagration that may occur in population centers.
SECTION 507. Designation of Fire Zones
The designation of fire zones
Non-Fire Restricted Zones
Fire Restrictive Zones
Highly Fire Restrictive Zones
These are areas where siting of buildings/structures are permitted with fire–resistivity measures often located in the country sides or rural areas where commercial and industrial and other buildings are sparsely constructed, or may be clustered in· small groups like farm lands wherein dwellings are built of indigenous materials such as bamboo, sawali, nipa, cogon, palm leaves and wood up to Types l and Construction as classified in Section 401 of the Code.
Non-Fire Restricted Zones
Areas where siting of buildings/structures are permitted within prescribed fire-resistivity measures for exterior walls of at least two hour fire resistivity. Usual locations in suburban areas are permitted to be built with at least one-hour fire-resistivity throughout as Types II, lit to IV Constructions as prescribed in Section 401 of the Code.
Fire Restrictive Zones
Areas wherein highly fire- resistive or non-combustible buildings/structures and/or construction assemblies of no less than three to four-hour tire–resistive construction materials are used throughout, including exterior walls. Only Types IV and V Constructions are permitted in the areas.
Highly Fire Restrictive Zones
Fire-resistive rating means the degree to which a material can withstand fire as determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods.
SECTION 601. Fire- Resistive Rating Defined
Fire-resistive time period rating is the length of time a material can withstand being burned which may be one- hour, two- hours, four- hours, etc.
SECTION 602. Fire- Resistive Time Period Rating
degree to which a material can withstand fire as determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods.
Fire-resistive rating
length of time a material can withstand being burned which may be one- hour, two- hours, four- hours, etc.
Fire-resistive time period rating
All materials of construction, and type of materials and assemblies or combinations
thereof shall conform to the following fire-resistive ratings:
SECTION 603. Fire-Resistive Standards
The Secretary shall prescribe standards and promulgate rules and regulations on the testing of construction materials for flame-spread characteristics, tests on fire damages. Fire tests of building construction and materials, door assemblies and tin clad fire doors and window assemblies, the installation of fire doors and windows and smoke and fire detectors for fire protective signaling system, application and use of controlled interior finish, fire-resistive protection for structural members, fire-resistive walls and partitions, tire resistive floor or roof ceiling , fire-resistive assemblies for protection of openings and fire-retardant roof coverings.
SECTlON 604. Fire Resistive Regulations
7 Important Components of Life Safety Systems
- FIRE SPRINKLERS OR SUPPRESSION
- FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEM
- CCTV SECURITY CAMERAS
- ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
- ALARM AND SECURITY MONITORING
- EMERGENCY AND EXIT LIGHTING
- FIRE EXTINGUISHER
critical to the safety of the people in your building. These systems are designed to react to a fire by extinguishing or suppressing a fire before it causes extensive damage to the building or harms the people inside.
Sprinklers and suppression systems
Sprinkler systems are among the most useful tools in your firefighting arsenal. Today’s systems have been shown to reduce deaths and property loss by more than ____
65 percent
Contrary to popular belief, fire sprinklers are not trigged by smoke. It’s an easy mistake to make, since heat is carried upward with smoke from a fire. But if smoke was the trigger, simply burning your toast in the office kitchen could be enough to drench the kitchen with water from a fire sprinkler head.
Most sprinkler heads feature a glass bulb filled with a glycerin-based liquid. This liquid expands when it comes in contact with air heated to between 135 and 165 degrees. When the liquid expands, it shatters its glass confines and the sprinkler head activates.
Step 1: Fire Sprinklers Detect Heat
Each sprinkler head is attached to a pipe that connects to a reliable water source outside the building. When heat activates a sprinkler head, a valve opens, allowing pressurized water from the pipe system to flow out.
It’s important for water in a fire sprinkler system to be pressurized. This allows the water to spray outward in an arc to more thoroughly douse the fire and prevent it from reigniting.
Step 2: Fire Sprinklers Douse the Fire
In movies, sprinkler systems operate in a misleading way, leading many people to believe a fallacy that all the sprinklers in a system are tied together and when one is triggered by heat, they all activate.
Fortunately, sprinkler heads function individually. Most of the time, fires can be completely extinguished after just one or two sprinklers activate. This allows water damage to be confined to the small area where the fire started.
Step 3: Fire Sprinklers Minimize Water Damage
