Water supply Flashcards
3 Types of mains
Trunk mains - supply water from original sources, such as dams, to town reservoirs. Up to 3 m in diameter.
Distribution/secondary mains – draw water from reservoirs to subdivided areas, such as a suburb. Up to 450 mm in diameter.
Service mains – feed off distribution mains and supply individual streets and structures. Supply water to meet consumers’ needs. 75mm to 150mm in diameter
What is pressure
Is the force at which water is producing in the water main. Measure in Kpa
What is flow
The volume of water passing through a specific point. Measure in Litres Per Minute
What factors affect pressure and flow
Diameter of the main
Internal surface of the main (corroded or encrusted surfaces reduce the water flow)
Length of the main
Fittings attached (size, number and type of fittings such as hydrants, hoses and branches)
Amount of water being drawn by other consumers
Whether there are water pumping stations placed in the reticulation system
What colour is recycled water pipework
Liliac
5 types of hydrants
Pillar hydrant
‘L’ type hydrant
Millcock
Ground ball valve (below ground)
Rural standpipe
What class of recycled water is used in recycled water mains
Class A
Distance between hydrants in dense business and shopping centres
50m-100m
Distance between hydrants in residential and suburban shopping centres
150m - 200m
Rural areas
greater than 200m
When should you flush a hydrant
After shipping stand pipe
Before connecting hose
Types of fittings on hydrant
Storz
3 Thread
5 Thread
Type of fitting on 38mm hose
ELC (external lug connector)
What do you need to do before shipping stand pipe
Check inside for creatures or animals
Check plastic cap is not in ground ball
Clean any loose items, mud stones
Do we turn on and shut off water fast
NO. This can cause damage to mains and hose/fittings
What does a hydrant supply water to
Branch via a hose
Fire appliance
Can we use a black top hydrant
NO. Unless permission has been given
6 types of hydrant indicators
Primary indicator
Secondary indicator
Cat’s eye
White diamond/triangle
‘L’ type cover
Hydrant indicator post
Weight of a full 38mm length of hose
35kg
Weight of a full 65mm length of hose
100kg
Weight of a full 90mm length of hose
190kg
Adaptors are fittings used to connect
Different sized hoses
Hoses of the same size with different threads (Division B – matching pieces)
Different types of couplings (Division B – matching pieces)
Breeching pieces are devices used for
Dividing one line of hose into two (dividing breeching).
Uniting two lines of hose into one (collecting breeching).
2 types of branches
Standard branch
Variable control branch
