Water soluble vitamins

Question 1

The only water-soluble vitamin stored in the body

Answer 1

B12

Question 2

The only water-soluble vitamin with concerns for toxicity

Answer 2

B6

Question 3

Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), and Niacin (B3) functions

Answer 3

involved in glycolysis/Krebs cycle (TPP, FAD, NAD)

Question 4

Food sources of Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), and Niacin (B3)

Answer 4

whole and enriched grains

Thiamin: pork, legumes
Riboflavin: dairy, eggs, meats
Niacin: meat/poultry (tryptophan = precursor)

Question 5

Consequences of Thiamin (B1) deficiency

Answer 5

Beriberi (nervous and CV systems. Dry = peripheral neuropathy, muscle tenderness, weakness and atrophy, foot drop; Wet = edema, circulatory collapse, CHF)

Wernicke-Korsakoff = confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss

Question 6

At risk for Thiamin (B1) deficiency

Answer 6

alcoholics, bariatric surgery, TPN, anorexia, re-feeding, polished rice diet

Question 7

Signs of Riboflavin deficiency

Answer 7

cheilosis (severe chapped lips) and angular stomatitis

Question 8

Pellagra (niacin deficiency) symptoms

Answer 8

4 D’s (Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death)

worse rash on sun-exposed areas

Question 9

Hematopoetic vitamins

Answer 9

folate and B12

Question 10

Folate function

Answer 10

single C transfers –> nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, DNA methylation

Question 11

Sources of folate

Answer 11

“foliage” (deep green veg), orange juice, whole grains

easily destroyed by prolonged cooking

Question 12

S/sx of folate deficiency

Answer 12

Macrocytic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Gossitis
Homocysteinemia
Neural Tube Defects (unresponsive to correction of deficiency)

Question 13

B12 function

Answer 13

reform THF from methylfolate (synthesis of methionine)
catabolism of odd chain fatty acids
catalyze methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA

Question 14

B12 absorption, storage, and excretion

Answer 14

enterohepatic circulation
large liver stores
biliary excretion

Question 15

B12 sources

Answer 15

found only in animal products. vegans require supplements

Question 16

Vitamin C functions

Answer 16

reversible antioxidant, vitamin E sparing
reduces Fe –> increased absorption
leukocyte function
Co-substrate in hydroxylation (collagen synthesis and serotonin synthesis)
conversion of dopamine to NE

Question 17

Sources of vitamin C

Answer 17

fruits and vegetables

Question 18

vitamin C deficiency

Answer 18

scurvy: hemorrhagic signs, hyperkeratosis of hair follicles, hypochondriasis, anemia, progression (weakness, aching, hemorrhagic signs)