Intro to Nutrition

Question 1

Three applications of nutrition in medicine

Answer 1

Public health issues (chronic diseases, international over/undernutrition)
Ambulatory medicine (pregnancy, lactation and breastfeeding, healthy and growing children, obesity and hypertension, hyperlipidemia, T2DM, elderly, T1DM)
Nutrition support/inpatients (ICU, surgical, etc)

Question 2

Factors/conditions that place patients at risk for nutritional depletion/excess

Answer 2

impaired absorption, decreased utilization, increased losses, increased requirements (growth, high metabolic rate, etc), high/low level of physical activity

Question 3

History indicating a patient at high risk for nutritional depletion/excess

Answer 3

very young/old
underweight/recent weight loss
obese c central adiposity or insulin resistance
limited variety of consumption
protracted nutrient losses (malabsorption, enteric fistulae, draining abscesses/wounds, dialysis, etc)
hyper-metabolic states (sepsis, protracted fever, extensive trauma, burns)
chronic alcohol use or meds with anti-nutrient or catabolic properties (steroids, methotrexate, immune suppresants)
poverty

Question 4

4 traditional components of nutritional assessment

Answer 4

History: intake relative to needs and risks + med hx
Anthropometrics: length/height, weight, waist circumference
Exam: clinical signs
Labs: Biochemical changes/levels

Question 5

Qualitative dietary assessment

Answer 5

“Tell me about your diet” (excesses, variety, gaps)

Question 6

Semi-quantitative

Answer 6

24h recall/typical day
Diet record (multiple days)

Question 7

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Answer 7

meets requirements for 85-97% of population

used as goal for HEALTHY individuals