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z- DEMS UNIT 3 > Water Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Generally not “stored” in body
(_____ = exception)
Chronic intakes do alter tissues levels
Toxicity usually low (B6 = exception)

A

B12

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2
Q 
Generally not “stored” in body 
(B12 = exception)
Chronic intakes do alter tissues levels
Toxicity usually low  
(\_\_\_\_ = exception)
A

B6

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3
Q

Energy Releasing

B Complex Vitamins are

A

Energy Releasing

Thiamin (B1) /Riboflavin (B2) /Niacin (B3)

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4
Q

Beriberi

A
  • nervous & cardiovascular systems

“Dry:” peripheral neuropathy; muscle tenderness (esp legs), weakness & atrophy; foot drop- more common

“Wet:” edema, circulatory collapse, congestive heart failure

Thiamin (B1) Deficiency

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5
Q

All involved in glycolysis/Krebs cycle

TPP, FAD, NAD; decarboxylation, oxidation-reduction

A

Thiamin (B1) /Riboflavin (B2) /Niacin (B3)

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6
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff

A

confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss (complete correction 25%; partial 50%)

thiamine def

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7
Q

Thiamin Deficiency – Who’s at Risk

A 
Alcoholics
 bariatric surgery
 TPN w/o thiamin-- deficiency occurs w/in 2-3 wk
Anorexia nervosa
 Endemic in Asia- from rice
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8
Q

Peripheral neuropathy
Muscle weakness/atrophy
Foot drop
Eventual inability to walk w/o falling

A

Thiamin Deficiency:

Dry beri-beri

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9
Q

Ophthalmoplegia
Memory loss
Confusion
Ataxia

A

Thiamin Deficiency:

Cerebral beri-beri

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10
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin (B3) Deficiency

4 Ds
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death
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11
Q

Riboflavin (B2) Deficiency

A

Mouth findings:
cracked lips= Cheilosis
Angular stomatitis

B2 In dairy

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12
Q

Niacin (B3) Deficiency risks

A

Malabsorption syndromes
Alcoholism
Metabolic “shunting” (carcinoid tumor depletes tryptophan)
refined cornmeal or rice diet

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13
Q

Dermatitis w/ pellagra

A

symmetric, scaling w/ areas depigmentation & hyperpigmentation
aggravated by sun exposure (“Casal’s necklace”)

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14
Q

B Complex Vitamins: Hematopoietic

A

Folate

Vitamin B-12

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15
Q

single C transfers
nucleic acid synthesis
amino acid metabolism
DNA Methylation - epigenetics

A

Folic Acid

folate= foliage= comes from green leaf veggies

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16
Q

*Macrocytic anemia
*Hypersegmented neutrophils
*Glossitis, irritability
*Homocysteinemia
Neural tube defects

A

Signs/symptoms ofFolate Deficiency

17
Q

Folate (& Vit B-12) Deficiencies in blood

A

Macrocytic Anemia (↑ MCV) + Hypersegmented Neutrophils

18
Q

Women of child bearing age advised to have intake of 400-800 ug/day* to prevent _______

A

neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly)

19
Q

Neural tube closes by _____ gestation - before most women realize they are pregnant

A

4-6 wk

20
Q

Methylation
Catabolism of odd chain length fatty acids
lipid & CHO metabolism

A

Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) fx

21
Q

Vit B12 Absorption

A

not easy like other water vits

Cleave vitamin from dietary protein in stomach

Requires Intrinsic Factor from stomach

Cobalamin-IF absorbed in distal ileum

Transport in circulation: Transcobalamin II

22
Q

Vitamin B-12:Dietary Sources & Requirements

A

only in animal products- Synthesized by soil bacteria

Vegans should take a supplement

23
Q

Vitamin B-12: Deficiency risk factors

A

Inadequate IF secretion or antibodies to IF
Gastric atrophy/gastrectomy
Ileal resection
Breastfed infant of B12 deficient vegan mother

24
Q

Vitamin B-12: Deficiency

A

Same as folate:
Macrocytic anemia & hypersegmented neutrophils

These are unique:
Neurologic disturbances: depression, paresthesias, gait disturbances, burning tongue, dizziness

25
Q

Vitamin B-12 seriousness

A

Hematological effects are reversible w/ B12 or folate Rx

Neurological effects eventually irreversible

26
Q

_______________ should not be treated w/ folate unless have ruled out Vitamin B-12 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

27
Q

Reversible antioxidant, Vitamin E sparing
Provides reducing equivalents to enzymes: Reduction of iron absorption
Leukocyte function (↑ [AA] wbc)

A

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

28
Q

Functions & Physiologic Roles

Vit C

A

Co-substrate in hydroxylation:
Collagen synthesis: hydroxylation of proline & lysine; cross-links for tropocollagen
Hydroxylation of tryptophan  serotonin

29
Q

Vitamin C – Food Sources

A

f/v

potato

30
Q

Vitamin C Deficiency s/s

A

Classic: Bleeding gums

Hemorrhagic signs

Hyperkeratosis of hair follicles + perifollicular hemorrhages

Hypochondriasis: depression, weakness

Hematologic abnormalities

Progression: weakness, aching joints/bones/muscles, hemorrhagic signs

31
Q

Ecchymoses, petechiae Hyperkeratosis of hair follicles,

A

Scurvy

32
Q

6 mo old breastfed infant, vomiting, ophthalmoplegia, congestive heart failure

A

beri beri

33
Q

5 yr old child only eats burgers (w/ bun) & milk, now limping & refusing to walk, ~ rash

A

needs vit c

34
Q

Alcoholic, “found down”, altered mental status, anemic

A

needs b12, thiamine, folate

35
Q

15 mo old breastfed infant, growth faltering, no longer walking

A

needs b12

36
Q

Adult, low SES, chronic diarrhea/malabsorption, rash on arms, hands, neck

A

pellagra

z- DEMS UNIT 3 (17 decks)

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