Water-Soluble Vitamins Flashcards by Lauren Molinaro

sources of vit C

citrus

peppers

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functions of vit C

antioxidant
non-heme absorption
collagen synthesis

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step in collagen synthesis that vit C is important for

hydroxylation

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deficiency of vit C is called

scurvy

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toxicity of vit C is

diarrhea

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4 H’s of scurvy

hemorrhagic signs
hyperkeratosis of hair follicles
hypochondriasis
hematologic

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B1 is named

thiamin

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coenzyme form of B1

TDP

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noncoenzyme form of B1

TTP

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TDP is used in which step in kreb’s cycle

pyruvate –> Acetyl CoA

transketolase

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TTP regulates:

Na+/Cl- transport

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sources of thiamin

pork

whole grain

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deficiency of _____ is called _____ is common in ALCOHOLICS

B1/thiamin

wernicke-korsakoff

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beriberi is a deficiency of

B1/thiamin

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symptoms of WET beriberi

tender calf muscles
adults
enlarged heart
peripheral neuropathy

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type of Beriberi in geriatrics

dry

peripheral neuropathy

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symptoms of ACUTE beriberi

babies
enlarged heart
(only one WITHOUT peripheral neuropathy)

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B2 is called

riboflavin

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coenzymes of riboflavin

FAD & FMN

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riboflavin (FAD/FMN) is coenzyme for

dehydrogenase

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riboflavin is needed for which reactions

ETS
krebs
beta-oxidation – STEP 1

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riboflavin important for synthesis of (2)

niacin

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sources of riboflavin

green leafy veggies
dairy
whole grains

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riboflavin deficiency is called

ariboflavinosis

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two forms of ariboflavinosis

mouth | dermatitis

types of ariboflavinosis

cheilosis glossitis angular stomatitis magenta tongue

Niacin is AKA

Niacin is made from

tryptophan

function of niacin w/ coenzyme NAD

dehydrogenase

step in beta oxidation that niacin is used for

step #2

function of niacin w/ coenzyme NADPH

synthesis of FA & triglyceride

best source of niacin

meat

deficiency of B3/niacin is called

pellagra

symptoms associated with pellagra

``` dermatitis diarrhea dementia death (4 D's) ```

toxicity of niacin/B3

liver damage | flushing

B6 is called

pyridoxine

sources of B6

meat*** | whole grains

2 deficiencies found together

pellagra | ariboflavinosis

coenzyme for B6

PLP (pyridoxal phosphate)

function of B6 and PLP

AA metabolism

PLP and B6 are necessary for (3)

heme neurotransmitters myelin sheath

toxicity of B6 can lead to

peripheral neuropathy*** (associated with both toxicity and deficiency***)

symptoms of B6 deficiency (2)

fatigue | peripheral neuropathy**

deficiency of B6 has same mouth symptoms as ___, except ___

B2- riboflavin (glossitis, cheilosis, stomatitis) magenta tongue

B5 is aka

pantothenic acid

deficiency of B5

burning feet

sources of B5

meat legumes whole grains

B5 is a part of ____ in Kreb's cycle & beta oxidation and ____ in lipid synthesis

CoA | acyl-carrier protein (ACP)

B7 is aka

biotin

B7 is bound to

carboxylase

sources of biotin

LI bacteria dairy nuts

3 symptoms of deficiency of B7

dermatitis glossitis increase LDL (bad cholesterol)

B7 deficiency is most likely found in which category of people

pregnant

avidin in _____ is a BIOTIN _____ and will bind and prevent absorption

raw eggs | chelator

natural form of B9

folate

synthetic form of B9

folic acid

sources of folate

dark green leafy veggies | legumes

sources of folic acid

supplements | fortified cereals

function of B9 is for ____ leading to synthesis of (3)

THF (tetrahydrofolate) DNA RBC WBC

folate requires _____ for absorption of ____ ; which is inhibited by legumes, oranges, cabbage

conjugase | zinc

folic acid ____ ZINC absorption

decreases zinc

folate deficiencies (2)

neural tube defects | megaloblastic anemia

B12 is aka

cobalamin

coenzyme form of B12 that's function is AA metabolism

adenosylcobalamin

coenzyme form of B12 that's function is MYELINATION and removal of homocysteine

methylcobalamin

best sources of B12

meat fish diary

2 deficiencies of B12

megaloblastic anemia | pernicious anemia

impaired _____ from ____ cells of stomach leads to _____ anemia

intrinsic factor parietal cells pernicious

cobalamin is stored in

liver

b12 is transported via

transcobalamin

cobalamin is absorbed by

receptor mediated endocytosis

cobalamin is digested by

proteases

cobalamin binds in STOMACH by _____ from ____

R protein | saliva

cobalamin binds in SI by ____ from ____ cells in STOMACH

intrinsic factor | parietal cells

impaired intrinsic factor secretion in patients with: (2)

zellinger-ellison syndrome | reflux syndrome

decreased receptor mediated endocytosis is in patients with (2)

malabsorption | pancreatic insufficiency