Major Minerals

Question 1

RDA calcium

Answer 1

1000 mg/day

Question 2

calcium is absorbed by (2)

Answer 2

passive diffusion

active transport

Question 3

active transport with calcium uses:

Answer 3

calbindin 9k

Question 4

(2) functions of calcium

Answer 4

bone formation

cell signaling

Question 5

best source of calcium

Answer 5

dairy

Question 6

causes of hypercalcemia (2)

Answer 6

increase calcium intake

hyperparathyroidism

Question 7

symptoms of hypercalcemia (3)

Answer 7

fatigue
constipation
hallucinations

Question 8

hypocalcemia leads to (2)

Answer 8

tetany

osteoporosis

Question 9

amount of all major minerals/day

Answer 9

> 100 mg/day

Question 10

absorption of major minerals is enhanced with _____ environment

Answer 10

acidic

Question 11

______ is only major mineral that requires stomach acid

Answer 11

calcium carbonate

Question 12

best sources of phosphorus

Answer 12

animal products

Question 13

functions of phosphorus (3)

Answer 13

enzyme regulation
ATP & cAMP
phospholipids

Question 14

symptom of HYPOphosphatemia

Answer 14

arrhythmia

Question 15

one function of phosphorus is enzyme regulation, specifically ______

Answer 15

covalent modification

Question 16

HYPERphosphatemia causes ________

Answer 16

hypocalcium (osteroporosis and tetany)

Question 17

absorption of major minerals is inhibited by (3)

Answer 17

phytates
oxalates
tannins

Question 18

sources of tanins

Answer 18

red wine
coffee
chocolate
tea

Question 19

source of phytate

Answer 19

whole grains

Question 20

sources of oxalate

Answer 20

spinach

chocolate

Question 21

symptom of HYPOnatremia

Answer 21

muscle cramps

Question 22

symptom of HYPERnatremia

Answer 22

hypertension

Question 23

source of sodium

Answer 23

NaCl

Question 24

functions of sodium (2)

Answer 24

fluid balance (electrolytes)
nerves

Question 25

with excess sodium, _____ CALCIUM EXCRETION aka ______

Answer 25

increase | hypocalcemia

Question 26

functions of magnesium (4)

Answer 26

PTH secretion cofactor stabilize ATP bone formation

Question 27

as a cofactor, magnesium stabilizes _____

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

(2) symptoms of HYPERmagnesemia

Answer 28

slurred speech | migraines

Question 29

symptom of HYPOmagnesemia

Answer 29

muscle weakness

Question 30

hypomagnesemia is required for _____ & _____

Answer 30

parathyroid function | vit D

Question 31

best source of magnesium

Answer 31

plants

Question 32

functions of chloride (2)

Answer 32

nerves | HCl

Question 33

source of chloride

Answer 33

NaCl

Question 34

functions of potassium (2)

Answer 34

``` fluid balance (electrolytes) nerves ```

Question 35

(3) sources of potassium

Answer 35

banana cantaloupe sweet potato

Question 36

sub clinical potassium deficiency symptom

Answer 36

hypertension

Question 37

hypokalemeia and hyperkalemia have same symptom of

Answer 37

arrhythmia