Water Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

What is Thiamin?

Answer 1

Thiamin is Vitamin B1

Question 2

What is the coenzyme for Thiamin?

Answer 2

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 3

What is the function of (TPP)

Answer 3

Carb/protein metabolism and nerve transmission

Question 4

What are the food sources for thiamin?

Answer 4

Pork, enriched wheat products

Question 5

What are the deficiencies to Thiamin?

Answer 5

Beriberi: CHF (wet) and peripheral neuropathy (dry)

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: from alcohol abuse since alcohol inhibits thiamine leading to impaired cognitive function

Question 6

What vitamin is Riboflavin?

Answer 6

Vitamin B2

Question 7

What are the coenzymes to Riboflavin

Answer 7

FMN and FAD

Question 8

What do FMN and FAD metabolize?

Answer 8

Fat and carbs

Question 9

What are the major food sources for riboflavin?

Answer 9

Lean meats and dairy

Question 10

What is a riboflavin deficiency disease?

Answer 10

Ariboflavinosis: glossitis, mouth cracks, anemia

Question 11

What vitamin is Niacin?

Answer 11

Vitamin B3

Question 12

What are the coenzymes for Niacin?

Answer 12

NAD+ and NADP+

Question 13

what do niacin coenzymes metabolize?

Answer 13

carbs, fat, and alchol

Question 14

What are niacin’s major food sources?

Answer 14

Meat and nuts

Question 15

What is the deficiency to niacin?

Answer 15

Pellagra: major dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia

Question 16

What vitamin is Pantothenic Acid?

Answer 16

Vitamin B5

Question 17

What is the coenzyme for pantothenic acid?

Answer 17

Coenzyme A (Think of Acetyl CoA)

Question 18

What are the major food sources for Pantothenic acid?

Answer 18

Meats, and whole grains

Question 19

What does a B5 deficiency look like?

Answer 19

Fatigue, weight loss

but this is rare

Question 20

What vitamin is biotin?

Answer 20

Vitamin B7

Question 21

What is the function of biotin’s coenzyme?

Answer 21

Fat metabolism

Question 22

What are the major food sources for biotin?

Answer 22

Egg and nuts

Question 23

What is the deficiency of biotin?

Answer 23

Fatigue, and lack of energy
but is rare

Question 24

What are the three types of Vitamin B6?

Answer 24

Pyridoxal, Pyridoxine, Pyrodoxamine

Question 25

What is the coenzyme for vitamin B6?

Answer 25

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

Question 26

What is Vitamin B6's coenzyme function?

Answer 26

To metabolize amino acids and folate

Question 27

What are the major food sources for b6?

Answer 27

Meats and potatoes (skin)

Question 28

What does a deficiency in b6 look like?

Answer 28

anemia, seizures, and depression

Question 29

What is the vitamin for folate?

Answer 29

Vitamin B9

Question 30

What is the coenzyme for B9?

Answer 30

Tetrahydrofolate (THF)

Question 31

What is the function of folate's coenzyme?

Answer 31

DNA/RNA synthesis

Question 32

What are major food sources for Folate?

Answer 32

Citrus fruits, liver, Leafy greens and legumes

Question 33

What does a deficiency in B9 look like?

Answer 33

megoloblastic anemia, neural tube defects

Question 34

Why is RDA important in Folate?

Answer 34

its 400 micrograms for women and 200 micrograms for men because folate plays a huge part in pregnancy

Question 35

What is the vitamin for Cobalamin?

Answer 35

Vitamin B12

Question 36

What is vitamin B12's coenzyme and its function?

Answer 36

Methylcobalamin; folate and nerve function, methionine metabolism

Question 37

What major food sources is vitamin b12 found in?

Answer 37

Animal products, fortified cereals

Question 38

Deficiencies of Cobalamin

Answer 38

Pernicious anemia (lack of intrinisic factor), nerve degeneration

Question 39

Choline

Answer 39

Not a true vitamin

Question 40

Choline's functions

Answer 40

synthesis of phospholipids and acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) **footnote Supports cell structure and nerve function. Most of it obtained through diet

Question 41

What other vitamins does choline work with?

Answer 41

Folate (B9) and Cobalamin (B12)

Question 42

Major food sources for Choline

Answer 42

Animal products, leafy greens

Question 43

Deficiencies for Choline

Answer 43

rare but may present in liver/muscle damage

Question 44

How is vitamin B12 digested?

Answer 44

It is bound to a protein, denatured by pepsin, binds to intrinisic factor in small intestines, and travels to ileum to be absorbed

Question 45

What vitamin is Ascorbic Acid

Answer 45

Vitamin C

Question 46

What is the function of vitamin C's coenzyme?

Answer 46

reduction-oxidation reactions

Question 47

Other functions for Ascorbic Acid

Answer 47

Antioxidant, collagen synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, increases iron absorption, immunity

Question 48

Deficiency diseases for Ascorbic acid

Answer 48

Scurvy: effects the collagen (fatal in 3 months) cancer and chronic diseases

Question 49

Other vitamin like compounds

Answer 49

Carnitine, Creatine, and taurine

Question 50

Which vitamins are easily destroyed by cooking?

Answer 50

Thiamin, Folate, and Ascorbic acid (the least stable)

Question 51

Which vitamins are found in enriched wheat flour?

Answer 51

B1, B2, B3, and folic acid (a form of B9)

Question 52

What is niacin (B3) synthesized from?

Answer 52

Tryptophan, an essential amino acid that comes from meat

Question 53

Two types of Niacin

Answer 53

Nictonic acid (usually in meds) and nicotinamide