Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
What are the eight different active compounds of Vitamin E in the body?
Tocopherols (α, β, δ, γ) and Tocotrienols (α, β, δ, γ)
α and γ are most abundant
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
What are some dietary sources of Vitamin E?
Vegetable oils, wheat germ, avocados, nuts, cereals
Synthetic forms like vitamin E acetate are used in supplements and fortified foods.
Is vitamin E used as a perservative?
Yes, vitamin E acetate is used in supplements, fortified foods, and as a preservative
How can vitamin E be destroyed?
By heat, light, and or air
What are the symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency?
Night blindness, Bilot’s spots, Xerophthalmia (Irreversible blindness by foaming in the eye), Follicular Hyperkeratosis (crusty at hair follicle and skin diseases), poor immune system (like getting measles)
Associated with several viral infections, including measles.
What is Hypervitaminosis A?
Vitamin A toxicity from long-term supplementation or medication use (3000 micrograms)
Symptoms include acute, chronic, and teratogenic effects.
What are the three kinds of Vitamin A toxicity?
Acute
Chronic (can lead to liver damage, hair loss, bone and muscle pain) Teratogenic (can lead to fetal malformations)
Acute involves GI tract problems; chronic can lead to liver and muscle damage.
What are the three types of retinoids?
Retinol (found in food)
Retinal and retinoic acid (which are synthesized in the body from retinol)
Whats the important type of vitamin A and what is its dietary source?
Retinol is found in foods like fortified milk
What is the role of carotenoids?
a large group of phytochemicals being attached to proteins and are released during digestion with less than 1% turning into vitamin A
Examples include beta-carotene and alpha-carotene.
What is rhodopsin?
The combination of retinal and opsin that allows you to see in the dark
Formed by retinal binding to opsin.
What are the major functions of Vitamin A?
Vision, Immunity, Growth and Development, Cell Differentiation, Healthy skin
Also used in treatment of severe acne.
What is the vitamin A that is consumed from carotenoids called?
mostly beta-carotene but also alpha-carotene
No recommendation set for carotenoids.
Whats the major dietary source of carotenoids?
Foods with an orange color and leafy green colors
Whats the relationship between vitamin A and vitamin K?
Some vitamin A will convert to vitamin K but only as needed
What are the two major forms of Vitamin D?
Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3 is formed in the skin from cholesterol through UV light.
What is the requirement for sunlight exposure to produce Vitamin D?
2-3 times/week for 10-15 min
Factors like skin color and sunblock use influence this.
What is the role of the liver in Vitamin D metabolism?
Converts Vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D
This form circulates in the blood and is stored by the liver.
What is the role of the kidney in vitamin D?
Kidney converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D into a steroid called calcitrol
What could be a result from vitamin D toxicity?
Kidney stones - when calcium deposits in soft tissues and fluids
What are the two major forms of Vitamin K?
Phylloquinones (K1) and Menaquinones (K2)
K1 is from plants; K2 is synthesized by bacteria in the colon.
What is the difference between K1 and K2?
K1 comes from plants, and K2 is synthesized by bacteria in the colon
What is the function of Vitamin K
To help with blood clotting and enhance bone formation
