Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EarthSci > Water Respurce > Flashcards

Water Respurce Flashcards

1
Q

is the movement of water around the Earth’s surface and its subsystems. The cycle consists of interconnected pathways and reservoirs.

A

The hydrologic cycle, also known as water cycle,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Liquid changes into vapor

A

Evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Evaporation of water from the leaves and stems of plants which contributes to about 10% of the water vapor in the atmosphere

A

Transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In high altitudes, ice can directly transform into water vapor in a process called

A

Sublimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rain that falls into the land surface penetrates the soil in a process called

A

Infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When the soil become saturated, rainwater may flow over land as

A

Surface runoff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_% Ocean

A

97.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_% freshwater

A

2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_% from glaciers

A

68.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_% from groundwater

A

30.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_% from permafrost, surface water, and atmospheric water

A

0.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The surface water in rivers, lakes, swamps, soil moisture, living things, atmospheric water vapor, ground ice, and permafrost, constitute only about _% of the total freshwater supply or less than _% or the total water on Earth.

A

0.4% and 0.02%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An ocean is a vast body of

A

Saline water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_% of earth is covered by saline water

A

71%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The total volume of water in the worlds ocean is about

A

1340 Million km3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The saltiness of saltwater is called

A

Salinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where the characteristics of the turbulence depend on distance
from the interface.

A

Surface layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Large-scale density-driven circulation in the ocean, caused by differences in temperature and salinity. In the north Atlantic, the _ circulation consists of warm surface water flowing northward and cold deepwater flowing southward, resulting in a net pole ward transport of heat.

A

Thermohaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most of the freshwater on Earth is stored in glaciers situated in inaccessible areas such as the _ and _. The readily available freshwater sources are the surface water reservoirs and groundwater reservoir.

A

Polar Regions and High Mountains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A_ is a permanent body of ice which consists largely of recrystallized snow.

A

glaciers

21
Q

An _, also known as a continental glacier, is a mass of glacial ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km (19,000 sq mi).

A

Ice sheet

22
Q

The _ or _ is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more.

A

deep sea or deep layer

23
Q

_ is any ground that remains completely frozen— 32°F (0°C) or colder-for at least two years straight. These permanently frozen grounds are most common in regions with high mountains and in Earth’s higher latitudes-near the North and South Poles. _ covers large regions of the Earth.

A

Permafrost

24
Q

include the stream, lakes, and wetlands where water from rainfall, melting snow and ice, and groundwater flows. They represent 0.3% Earth’s total water resources. This resource is harnessed for irrigation, recreation, transport, fishing, drinking, and hydropower.

A

Surface water

25
Q

_ is a moving body of surface water that flows down slope toward sea level because of gravity. Channels is clearly-defined passageways where particles and dissolved substances are transported River is a stream with considerable volume and well-defined channel.

A

Stream

26
Q

The smaller stream called_. Drainage basin or watershed is the land area in which the water flows into particular stream. The line that separates individual drainage basin is called drainage divide. Interface is the narrow, elongated landform separating individual stream.

A

tributaries

27
Q

During heavy rain, water moves downhill in process called_. After a short distance, the water enters the channels and becomes stream flows. These processes aid the transport of sediments and carving of complex patterns along their course.
The drainage area of world’s twenty largest river basins range land 6 million km?. In the Philippines, the largest drainage basin is the Cagayan River Basin, which comprises a total area of 27 280 km?. This drainage basin is bounded by the Cordillera, Caraballo, and Sierra Madre mountains ranges.

A

overland flow

28
Q

_ are the large inland bodies of fresh or saline water. Its upper surface is exposed to the atmosphere and is essentially flat.

Forms in places where water collects in a low area(depression) and behind natural or human made dams. Ponds are small and shallow lakes. Dams are barriers constructed along streams to contain the flow of water.
Water in lakes came from streams, overland flow, and groundwater.

A

Lakes

29
Q

Land areas where water covers the surface for significant period is referred to as _. They vary size from relatively large in flat areas to small in steep areas. _ are biologically diverse environment filled with species that rely on both land and water for survival. _ constitute about 8.5% of the total land surface and atmospheric water.

The largest _ in the Philippines is ligawasan marsh found in provinces of Maguindanao, North Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat.

A

Wetlands

30
Q

is a shallow wetland around lakes stream and ocean where grasses and reeds are dominant vegetation.

A

Marsh

31
Q

is a wetland with lush tress and vegetation found in low-lying areas
beside slow moving rivers.

A

Swamp

32
Q

is a partly enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from stream meets the saltwater from the sea.

A

Estuary

33
Q

_ is a natural event in which an area that is usually dry is submerged under water. It usually occurs when the rate of precipitation is higher than the rate in which it could be absorbed by the ground or carried by streams.
It can also occur even during dry periods when natural or human made
reservoirs collapse.

A

Flood

34
Q

Occurs when a stream’s discharge is greater than the capacity of the channel, causing the stream to overflow.

A

Riverine flood

35
Q

are characterized by intense, high-velocity torrent of water that occurs in an existing river channel with little to no notice.

A

Flashfloods

36
Q

Occurs when water overwhelms in low-lying areas along the coasts, usually due to severe weather conditions.

A

Coastal flooding

37
Q

Occurs when heavy rainfall creates a flood event independent of an overflowing stream.

A

Surface water flood

38
Q

_ is freshwater found in the rock and soil layers beneath surface. The groundwater is the largest reservoirs of liquid freshwater on Earth. It constitutes about 30.1% of the total freshwater.

A

Groundwater

39
Q

Water-bearing rock layers called _ are akin to a “sponge” which holds groundwater in tiny cracks, cavities, and pores between minerals grains.

A

Aquifers

40
Q

_ is the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock. It determines the amount of groundwater that an aquifer can hold.
Sand and gravel have high _. Crystalline and basalt and diorite have low _.

A

Porosity

41
Q

The movement of groundwater within the aquifer is also controlled by the _ of the material. _ is the ability of the rock or sediments to allow water to pass through it.

A

Permeability

42
Q

The boundary between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation is the _. Directly above the water table is a layer called _, wherein groundwater seeps up to fill the pore spaces in the zone of aeration via capillary action.

A

Water table and capillary fringe

43
Q

An aquifer in which the groundwater is free to rise to its natural level called

A

Unconfined aquifer

44
Q

In unconfined aquifer, the water is trapped and held down by pressure between impermeable rocks called _.

A

Aquiclude

45
Q

An _is simply a well that doesn’t require a pump to bring water to the surface; this occurs when there is enough pressure in the aquifer. The pressure forces the water to the surface without any sort of assistance.

A

Artesian well

46
Q

When groundwater emerges to the ground surface, a _ is created

A

Spring

47
Q

There is an interaction between groundwater flow and stream. There are streams that lose water downstream and dry up. In this type of stream, the water flow underground and contributes to the groundwater.

A

losing or influent stream

48
Q

This stream is referred to as_. A Stream or segments of large streams could be influent or effluent depending on the amount of available water.

A

gaining or effluent stream

EarthSci (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions