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EarthSci > EarthSystem > Flashcards

EarthSystem Flashcards

1
Q

is a complex system of interacting physical, chemical and biological processes, and provides a natural laboratory whose experiments have been running since the beginning of time

A

Earth

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2
Q

A set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole

A

System

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3
Q

Why is Earth a “system”?

A

A. The earth has several separate components like any system.
B.The earth has multiple interactions like any system.
C. The earth has interacting components like any system.

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4
Q

is a system in which there is only an exchange of heat and energy and no exchange of matter

A

closed system

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5
Q

Where does earth receive energy from?

A

SUN

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6
Q

Where does the earth return some of this energy to?

A

Space

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7
Q

is a dynamic bodywith many separate, but highly interacting parts or spheres

A

Earth

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8
Q

studies Earth as a system composed of numerous parts, or subsystems

A

Earth System Science

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9
Q

What are earths four spheres?

A

Atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and Biosphere

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10
Q

Earth is powered by one external source

A

sun

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11
Q

Earth is powered by 2 internal sources

A

Radioactive decay and gravitational energy

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12
Q

comprises the solid Earth and includes both Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior

A

Geosphere

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13
Q

gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and constitutes the transition between its and the vacuum of space

A

Atmosphere

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14
Q

includes all water on Earth (including surface water and groundwater

A

Hydrosphere

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15
Q

the life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, and all organic matter that has not yet decomposed

A

Biosphere

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16
Q

The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call the

A

Atmosphere

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17
Q

4 unique layers of the Atmosphere

A

the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere

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18
Q

The atmosphere reaches how many km?

A

The atmosphere reaches over 560 kilometers (348 miles) up from the surface of the Earth

19
Q

What is the atmosphere composed of?

A

The atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%). Other components exist in small quantities

20
Q

consists of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour

A

Atmosphere

21
Q

Zones of diffuse atmospheric components in the far reaches of the atmosphere

A

Mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere

22
Q

constitutes the climate system that maintains the conditions suitable for life on the planet’s surface

A

troposphere (0-10 km)

23
Q

contains ozone that protects life on the planet by filtering harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun

A

The stratosphere (10 to 50km)

24
Q

Interactions with other Earth System components

A

Atmosphere

25
Q

The gases of the atmosphere readily exchange with those dissolved in water bodies (e.g. oceans, lakes, etc.

A

Hydrosphere

26
Q

The atmosphere supplies oxygen and carbon dioxide that form the basis of life processes (photosynthesis and respiration

A

Biosphere

27
Q

Gases in the atmosphere react with water to produce weak acids that aid in the breakdown of roc

A

Geosphere

28
Q

is the “life zone”of the Earth, and includes all living organisms (including humans), and all organic matter that has not yet decompose

A

Biosphere

29
Q

The biosphere is structured into a hierarchy known as the ____ (all life is dependant on the first tier –mainly the primary producers that are capable of photosynthesis

A

Food chain

30
Q

Is is transferred from one level of the food chain to the next

A

Energy and mass

31
Q

contains all the waterfound on our planet

A

Hydrosphere

32
Q

Only about _% of the water on Earth is “fresh” water, and about _% of the fresh water is frozen in the form of glacial ice

A

Only about 3% of the water on Earth is “fresh” water, and about 70% of the fresh water is frozen in the form of glacial ice

33
Q

is the solid Earth that includes the continental and ocean crust as well the various layers of Earth’s interio

A

Geosphere

34
Q

_% of the Earth is composed of the elements oxygen, silicon, and magnesium

A

94

35
Q

The geopsphere is not static (unchanging), but its surface _ is in a constant state of motion

A

(crust)

36
Q

Composition of crust

A

Primarily silica plus light metallic elements

37
Q

Composition of mantle

A

Primarily silica plus iron and magnesium

38
Q

Composition of core

A

Primarily iron and nickel

39
Q

Physical characteristics of lithosphere

A

Brittle solid

40
Q

Physical characteristics of asthenosphere

A

Solid (but nearly liquid)

41
Q

Physical characteristics of Mesosphere

A

Solid

42
Q

Physical characteristics of outer core

A

Liquid

43
Q

Physical characteristics of inner core

A

Solid

EarthSci (5 decks)

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