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FE > Water Resources And Environmental Engineering > Flashcards

Water Resources And Environmental Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

A

A

Area

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2
Q

B or b

A

Width

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3
Q

BOD

A

Biochemical oxygen demand

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4
Q

C

A

Rational runoff coefficient

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5
Q

CN

A

NRCS curve number

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6
Q

COD

A

Chemical oxygen demand

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7
Q

D

A

Pipe diameter

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8
Q

d

A

Flow depth

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9
Q

DBP

A

Disinfection byproduct

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10
Q

DO

A

Dissolved oxygen

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11
Q

E

A

Specific energy

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12
Q

EPA

A

Environmental protection agency

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13
Q

FAS

A

Ferrous ammonium sulfate

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14
Q

GPCD

A

Gallons per capita per day

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15
Q

g

A

Gravity

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16
Q

H

A

Total energy head

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17
Q

h

A

Energy head

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18
Q

HSG

A

Hydrologic soil group

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19
Q

HUC

A

Hydrologic unit code

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20
Q

I

A

Rainfall intensity

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21
Q

i

A

Hydraulic gradient

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22
Q

K

A

Hydraulic conductivity

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23
Q

L

A

Length

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24
Q

MCRT

A

Mean cell residence time

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25
Q

MLSS

A

Mixed liquor, suspended solids

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26
Q

MLVSS

A

Mixed liquor, volatile suspended solids

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27
Q

n

A

Manning‘s roughness coefficient

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28
Q

NOM

A

Natural organic materials

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29
Q

P

A

Precipitation

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30
Q

p

A

Pressure

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31
Q

Q

A

Flow rate

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32
Q

q

A

Discharge per unit width

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33
Q

R_h

A

Hydraulic radius

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34
Q

RAS

A

Return activated sludge

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35
Q

RO

A

Reverse osmosis

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36
Q

S

A

Slope of energy grade line or channel slope

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37
Q

SVI

A

Sludge volume index

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38
Q

T

A

Transmissivity

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39
Q

t

A

Time

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40
Q

T_c

A

Time of concentration

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41
Q

TDS

A

Total dissolved solids

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42
Q

TOC

A

Total organic carbon

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43
Q

TSS

A

Total suspended solids

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44
Q

UF

A

ultrafiltration

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45
Q

V

A

Volume

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46
Q

v

A

Flow velocity

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47
Q

WAS

A

waste activated sludge

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48
Q

y_c

A

Critical depth

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49
Q

z

A

Elevation above datum

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50
Q

γ

A

Specific weight

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51
Q

μ

A

Absolute viscosity

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52
Q

υ

A

Kinematic viscosity

53
Q

ε

A

Specific roughness

54
Q

f

A

Darcy friction factor

55
Q

Hydrology def

A

A branch of earth science that deals with the occurrence movement and quality of surface and sub surface waters

56
Q

Inflows

A
  • precipitation
  • water channeled into a given area (for example from surface runoff)
  • ground water inflow from adjoining areas
57
Q

Outflows

A
  • surface runoff out (for example, from surface runoff)
  • water channeled out of the same area
  • evaporation
  • transpiration
  • infiltration or exfiltration
58
Q

ΔS

A

Inflows - Outflows

Q_in - Q_out

59
Q

V_full

A

(Q_in - Q_out)t

OR

t*ΔS

60
Q

Watershed def

A

An area of land that captures water and drains it to an outlet such as a reservoir or a point along a stream channel

61
Q

Drainage divide def

A

Elevated terrain that separates two watersheds

62
Q

Discharge

A

Volume of water flowing past a location per unit time

63
Q

Hydrograph and its anatomy

A
64
Q

Rational formula

A

Q=CIA
Q = peak rate of discharge

65
Q

Weighted C

A

When the drainage area contains distinctly different land cover characteristics

66
Q

C_weighted

A

(ΣC_i * A_i)/A_total

67
Q

T_c Eq

A

= L/v

L =[ft]
v =[ft/s]

68
Q

Q Eq
(General runoff)

A

= ((P-0.2S)^2)/(P+0.8S)

69
Q

S Eq
S = maximum basin retention (in)

A

= ((1000)/CN)-10

CN = Curve number

70
Q

Types of floods

A
  • flash
  • River
  • coastal
71
Q

Frequency (F)

A

Avg number of years between storms or floods of a defined magnitude

72
Q

Probability (p)

A

Inverse of F (frequency) - the chance that a storm or flood of a defined magnitude will be exceeded in any given year

73
Q

p (probability Eq)

A

1/F

74
Q

p (probability in n years)

A

p = 1-(1-1/F)^n

75
Q

p (probability in m consecutive years)

A

p=p^m

76
Q

p (probability of flood not occurring)

A

1-p

77
Q

Continuity equation
Q

A

A_1v_1 = A_2v_2

78
Q

Q’
Flow rate for multiple flows

A

= Q_1 + Q_2

79
Q

Open channel flow

A

The conveyance of water with a free surface meaning it has the same pressure as the atmosphere around it

80
Q

Manning equation

A

v = (K/n)R^(2/3)_h* S^(1/2)

81
Q

Q
As related to mannings equation

A

Q = (K/n)A*R^(2/3)_h * S^(1/2)

82
Q

K

A

1.486 US
1.0 metric

83
Q

Hydraulic radius (R_h) Eq

A

R_h = A/P
P = wetted perimeter

84
Q

R_h
For full or half-full pipe

A

D/4

85
Q

RECTANGLE
Eqs

A

A = db
P = 2d + b
R_h = (db)/(b+2d)

86
Q

TRIANGLE PIPE
equations

A

A = d^2/tanθ
P = 2D/tanθ
R_h = dcosθ/2

87
Q

TRAPEZOID PIPE
Eq

A

A = (b + d/tanθ)*d
P = b + 2(d/sinθ)
R_h = (bdsinθ + d^2cosι)/(bsinθ +2d)

88
Q

CIRCLE PIPE
not full or half full
Eq

A

A = (1/8)(θ-sinθ)D^2
P = 1/2θD
R_h = (1/4)(1-(sinθ/θ)D

θ IN RADIANS

89
Q

Mannings equations
Related to D

A

Q = (0.463D^(8/3)*S^(1/2))/n

v = (0.591D^(2/3)*S^(1/2))/n

90
Q

Diameter related to flow rate

A

D = 1.335(nQ/S^(1/2))^(3/8)

91
Q
A

Solids lines when n is variable
Dotted lines when n is constant
Dashed and dotted lines if independent of n

92
Q

Energy head

A

H = y + v^2/2g + z

y - flow depth
v - flow velocity
x - channel bottom elevation

93
Q

Specific energy

A

E = y + v^2/2g

94
Q

Critical depth

A

Q^2/g = A^3/T

95
Q

Critical depth of rectangular channels

A

y_c = (q^2/g)^(1/3)

96
Q

Slope vs depth

A

Deep flow - mild slope

Shallow flow - steep slope

97
Q

Q as related to unit discharge

A

Q = q*B

98
Q

Flow classifications

A

Flow > y_c = subcritical flow

Flow < y_c = supercritical flow

99
Q

Normal flow

A

When the water surface and channel bottom slopes are the same

100
Q

Froude number

A

The ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces

101
Q

Fr related to flows

A

Fr = 1, critical
Fr<1, supercritical flow
Fr>1, subcritical flow

102
Q

Fr Eq

A

Fr = v/((g*y_h)^(1/2))

y_h = hydraulic depth [L]

103
Q

Hydraulic jump def

A

When rapidly flowing water is abruptly slowed and a sudden rise in the water surface occur occurs

104
Q

When does a hydraulic jump occur?

A

When super critical flow is forced to transition to sub critical flow

105
Q

Conjugate depths

A

The flow depths immediately upstream, and downstream of the hydraulic jump

106
Q

Conjugate depths Eq

A

y_2 = (y_1/2)[-1+(1+8Fr^2_1)]

107
Q

Specific energy curve

A
108
Q

Specific momentum curve

A
109
Q

Momentum equation
Related to flow

A

M = (Q^2/(gA))+Ah

110
Q

Weir
Free discharge suppressed

A

Q = CLH^(3/2)

111
Q

Weir
Free discharge contracted

A

Q = C(L - 0.2H)H^(3/2)

112
Q

Weir
V-notch

A

Q = CH^(5/2)

113
Q

C values for rectangular weirs

A

3.33 US
1.84 SI

114
Q

C values for 90° v-notch weir

A

2.54 US
1.40 SI

115
Q

Pump head
p_head

A

z_1 + h_pump = z_2 + h_f

h_f = friction head

116
Q

Q units

A

Gal/m

Liter/m

117
Q

m(dot) units
(Mass flow rate)

A

lbm/s

kg/s

118
Q

Pressure

A

Psi
kPa

119
Q

W(dot)
Pump input power

A

HP
Watts

120
Q

ρ
Fluid density

A

lbm/ft^3
kg/m^3

121
Q

N units
Rotational speed

A

Rpm

122
Q

Q
Affinity law

A

(Q/nD^3)_2 = (Q/nD^3)_1

123
Q

m
Mass flow rate affinity law

A

(m/ρND^3)_2 = (m/ρND^3)_1

124
Q

H
Head added by pump
Affinity law

A

(H/N^2D^2)_2 = (H/N^2D^2)_1

125
Q

P
Pressure added by pump
Affinity law

A

(P/ρN^2D^2)_2 = (P/ρN^2D^2)_1

126
Q

W
Pump input power

A

(W/ρN^3D^5)_2 = (W/ρN^3D^5)_1

127
Q

Cavitation

A

Occurs when the pressure of the pump inlet has fallen below the waters vapor pressure

Characterized by
Loud noise, pitting damage to parts, and reduced capacity

128
Q

NPSH Eq

A

h_atm + h_zs + Σh_Ls - h_vp

h_zs = static suction head
h_Ls = friction losses in the suction line
h_vp = vapor pressure Characterized

FE (15 decks)

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