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geography > water resources > Flashcards

water resources Flashcards

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1
Q

water security

A

Having enough water to meet everyone’s needs (e.g. industry, agriculture, personal health)

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2
Q

water deficit

A

Supply of water is lower than the demand

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3
Q

water surplus

A

Supply of water is higher than demand

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4
Q

which areas in the world have a water deficit

A

Drier areas such as Australia, Africa, The Middle East

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5
Q

Which areas of the world have a water surplus?

A

-Typically, tropical locations such as the Amazon, Brazil

-Europe and North America

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6
Q

water insecurity

A

not having enough clean water to meet everyone’s needs

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7
Q

water stress

A

demand for water exceeds supply during a certain period

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8
Q

How is water security linked to well-being?

A

• Water helps crop production which secures a source of food and income

• Not having to travel daily for water enables children to go to school

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9
Q

Why is water consumption increasing?

A

• People are becoming wealthier —> use of appliances like washing machines/dishwashers

• Changes to personal hygiene —> used to share baths but now individual

• Increasing population —> more food

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10
Q

physical factors affecting water availability

A

climate - rainfall patterns

geology - indicates how much water is stored in rocks underground

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11
Q

economic and social factors affecting water availability

A

over abstraction - water removed from ground quicker than it can be replaced

pollution

poverty - some places have to share water sources

poor infrastructure - limited pipes to bring water into places

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12
Q

List the impacts of water insecurity

A
  1. Waterborne diseases
  2. Lowering food production
  3. Reduced industrial output
  4. Conflict
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13
Q

what are waterborne diseases

A

Diseases that affect people who drink contaminated water. e.g. cholera

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14
Q

How does water insecurity lead to waterborne diseases?

A

Drinking from unsafe water supplies —> diseases

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15
Q

How does water insecurity lead to lower food productivity?

A

Food production requires water

As a result, lower supply increases food prices.

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16
Q

How does water insecurity lead to lower industrial output?

A

Industry requires large amounts of water to be productive. Many factories around the world close in times of water shortage —> less profits.

17
Q

How does water insecurity lead to conflict?

A

• Many people rely on rivers for a supply of water —> share rivers —> 1 country may take more water —> reduce water security of other countries

• Some industries do not regulate their waste which means water pollution can occur —> affects drinking water —> conflict

18
Q

List 4 strategies that can be used to increase water supply?

A
  1. Diverting supplies and increasing storage
  2. Building dams and reservoirs
  3. Water transfers
  4. Desalination
19
Q

How does diverting supplies and increasing water storage increase water supply?

A

some water can be diverted or stored underground for times of need

20
Q

what is a dam?

A

A barrier built in a river used to control the flow of water at any given time

21
Q

reservoir?

A

An artificially made body of water, usually found behind a dam

22
Q

How do dams and reservoirs increase water supply?

A

Dams can be closed during times of plentiful water, allowing water to be stored

It can be released during times of deficit

23
Q

water transfer

A

Moving water from an area of surplus to an area of deficit through a network of pipes

24
Q

desalination

A

Removing salt from sea water

25
Q

How does desalination increase water supply?

A

Removing salt from sea water creates freshwater for human use

26
Q

What are the problems with desalination?

A

• It is expensive and requires a lot of energy —> LICs may not be able to afford to do this

27
Q

fact about water

A

amount of water used by average household in the UK has risen by 70% since 1975

28
Q

where is kielder dam and where does it supply water to and how much water does it hold

A

northumberland

supplies water to newcastle sunderland and middlesbrough

200 billion litres of water

29
Q

positives of kielder dam

A

reduces water insecurity in the north east

generates electricity through hydroelectric power at the dam

tourism at kielder has created new jobs —> people visit for water sports and beautiful scenery around the lake

30
Q

negatives of kielder dam

A

breeding patterns of fish have been disrupted through dam blocking the river

farmland and many habitats were lost when land behind dam flooded

many families had to relocate in order to make room for dam and reservoir

31
Q

impacts of water pollution

A

‘10 tonne fatberg’

health issues

food production

effect on wildlife

32
Q

what is 10 tonne fatberg (impacts of water pollution)

A

costs £400,000 to resolve blockage

clumps of solidified fat and wet wipes etc

33
Q

health issues (impacts of water pollution)

A

diseases such as cholera can be spread —> ill —> can’t go to work

34
Q

food production (impacts of water pollution)

A

food production is lowered —> clean water is needed —> polluted waste water has to be purified which is expensive

35
Q

effect on wildlife (impacts of water pollution)

A

poisons wildlife —> humans can eat fish and shellfish affected and become very ill

36
Q

what can we do at home to manage water quality

A

rain gardens

green roofs

rainwater harvesting

permeable surfaces

37
Q

how do rain gardens manage water quality

A

catch rain before it enters drainage system

also a great source of habitat for wildlife and can improve appearance of property

38
Q

how do green roofs improve water quality

A

temporary storage for rainfall and minimise run off from roof areas —> stops water pollution —> reduce chances of 10 tonne fatberg

39
Q

how to use rainwater harvesting to manage water quality

A

install a water butt to reduce amount of water that enters sewers —> use this water to water garden etc

geography (13 decks)

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