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geography > ✅urbanistation > Flashcards

✅urbanistation Flashcards

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1
Q

SOCIAL opportunities created in leeds by urban change

A

CULTURAL MIX —> increased tolerance
URBAN GREENING —> created areas for recreation
NEW DEVELOPMENTS for ENTERTAINMENT (leeds arena)

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2
Q

ECONOMIC opportunities created by urban change in leeds

A

EMPLOYMENT (leeds arena/victoria gate)
£168 million development
550 jobs created e.g. customer service and beauty therapist

TRANSPORT (LBA and guided bus lanes in kirkstall)

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3
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL opportunities created by urban change in leeds

A

URBAN GREENING (carbon storage/new habitats)

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4
Q

SOCIAL challenges created by urban change in leeds

A

23.2% in armley don’t have qualifications —> don’t contribute to the economy

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5
Q

ECONOMIC challenges caused by urban change in leeds

A

industrial mills in kirkstall closed —> lots of people lost their jobs

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6
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL challenges of urban growth in leeds

A

population expected to increase —> more demand for housing on greenfield sites (urban sprawl)

urban sprawl means people are travelling further to work —> increases CO2

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7
Q

urbanisation

A

growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas

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8
Q

why is urbanisation happening at a quicker rate in LICs

A

people are moving from rural areas to the city for better opportunities

HICs have already urbanised e.g. england in the industrial revolution

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9
Q

2 things that cause urbanisation

A

rural-urban migration

natural increase

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10
Q

global pattern of urbanisation

A

•Rates of urbansiation different depending on whether the country is rich or poor.
•The most rapid urban growth is happening in LICs.
•The lowest rates of urban growth is in HICs
•The rate of urban growth in NEEs is starting to slow.

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11
Q

natural increase

A

when birth rate is higher than death rate

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12
Q

migration

A

movement of people from one area to another

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13
Q

how is natural increase calculated

A

Birth Rate minus Death Rate/100 (to express as a percentage)

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14
Q

rural-urban migration

A

movement of people from rural (countryside) to urban areas (city) due to push and pull factors

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15
Q

3 push factors

A

• Lack of services so people die from poor healthcare
• Crop failure so people have less food and less income
• Lack of job opportunities so people have a lack of income = malnutrition

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16
Q

3 pull factors

A

• Higher paid jobs so people have more disposable income so they can afford medicine so their life expectancy increases
• Better healthcare and education
• Family members live there

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17
Q

megacity

A

city with over 10 million people

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18
Q

3 mega cities

A

LA, new york, tokyo, shanghai

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19
Q

which continent has the largest number of mega cities

A

asia

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20
Q

describe location of rio de janeiro

A

located in south america

in brazil

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21
Q

Give a reason to explain why Rio is an internationally important city

A

• It held the 2016 Olympic Games
• Main tourist destinations e.g. copacabana beach and sugarloaf mountain
• It has a major port - exports coffee and sugar
• Christ of Redeemer one of the seven wonders

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22
Q

Give a reason to explain why Rio is a nationally important city

A

Brazils 2nd most important industrial centre- 5% of Brazils GDP

Jobs with tour guides/hotels

Culture capital of Brazil

23
Q

how has urbanisation created social opportunities in rio?

A

2016 olympics
culture capital of brazil

24
Q

how has urbanisation created economic opportunities in rio?

A

Well paid jobs in the banking and finance

A major port provides jobs exporting coffee and sugar.

Jobs with tourists (hotels/tour guides). It has stunning beaches and Christ the Redeemer statue which is one of the Seven Wonders of the world.

Brazil’s second most important industrial centre- 5% of Brazils GDP

25
Q

social challenges in rio

A

• Around 12% of Rio’s population do not have access to clean water—> can lead to diseases like cholera —> In 2013, only 55% of the city had a local family health clinic**

• Only half of all children continue their education beyond 14. Many drop out of school and some get involved in drug

26
Q

what is rio doing to improve the favelas

A

in 1995, favela bairro project was created

improve 60 of 600 favelas in rio

£200 million

27
Q

example of migration in rio

A

amazonia and caatinga to rio de janeiro

28
Q

what 8 things does favela bairro project include

A

removing houses from steep slopes —> ppl are relocated to safer areas so it won’t be dangerous

education —> free education run by volunteers —> ensures young people have basic understanding

improving infrastructure —> streets/roads have been widened so its easier to get to areas

installation of cable car —> creating a link down into the centre of rio —> easier to get to work

self help schemes —> replace wood with brick, bin collection services —> improve quality of life

site and service scheme —> relocate residents from favelas to brick houses w electricity and water etc —> ensures they have basic needs

police and pacifying unit —> 300 police patrolling communities in the favela —> less crime

health and leisure centres —> support ppl w drug and alcohol abuse and day care centres for children so parents can work —> more tax if they work

29
Q

population density

A

measurement of number of people in an area

30
Q

how is population density calculated

A

number of people/area

per square km

31
Q

population distribution

A

way which something is spread over an area

32
Q

sparsely populated

A

places that contain a few people

33
Q

densely populated

A

places that contain many people

34
Q

describe leeds

A

UKs fastest growing city

2nd largest employment total outside london - over 110,000 people commuting to work in leeds from outside the district everyday

35
Q

urban sprawl

A

expansion of an urban area into the surrounding countryside

36
Q

counter urbanisation

A

when people move from towns and cities to the countryside

37
Q

suburbanisation

A

when people move from the city centre out to the suburbs (edge of the city)

38
Q

why is leeds a major city

A

generates 5% of englands total economic output worth £56 billion per year

50% of all UK manufacturing takes place within a 2 hour drive from leeds

39
Q

migrant

A

someone who moves to another country/location

40
Q

emigrant

A

someone who leaves a country/area

41
Q

positives of migrants moving to leeds

A

cheap labour —> migrants will often work for minimum wage

cultural diversity

immigrants are often prepared to do unskilled jobs e.g. car washes

42
Q

negatives of migrants moving to leeds

A

language problems

pressure on housing and services

43
Q

urban deprivation

A

standard of living is below the majority of people in a particular country

44
Q

deindustrialisation

A

reduction in manufacturing

45
Q

brownfield site

A

urban sites for potential building development that have had previous development on them

46
Q

greenfield site

A

a site that has never had any building development take place on it

47
Q

example of brownfield site in leeds

A

4.2 acre brownfield site

centre of leeds

48
Q

example of greenfield site in leeds

A

spring wood, bramhope

previously used for farming

provide 320 homes for people

local concern over destruction of animal habitats

49
Q

negatives of building on brownfield sites

A

additional complications like contimination —> time consuming

higher cost

50
Q

benefits of urban greening

A

improved air quality —> trees provide oxygen

reduce global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide

habitats for wildlife

51
Q

case study for urban sustainability

A

leeds greenhouse development, beeston

52
Q

why did leeds beeston need regenerating

A

was an abandoned site with graffiti

wasted brownfield site

a need for more houses in the centre of leeds

53
Q

how is leeds greenhouse development project sustainable

A

well insulated with double glazing

wind turbine to produce electricity

facilities on site reduces need to travel —> playgrounds, sports centres, shops, medical centre —> also creates jobs

54
Q

sustainable transport changes

A

park and ride schemes —> drivers leave cars in a big car park on the outskirts of the city on elland road —> regular buses then take them to the city centre —> decrease amount of cars going into the city —> improves air quality

congestion charging (london)
£11.50 daily charge for driving a vehicle within the charging zone

bus lanes —> own lane so not held up in traffic—> quicker
also public transport reduces amount of cars on road

cycle superhighway between leeds and bradford —> cycle route —> less polluted, healthier population

M62 managed motorways scheme improves traffic flow and reduce congestion

geography (13 decks)

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