✅urbanistation Flashcards
SOCIAL opportunities created in leeds by urban change
CULTURAL MIX —> increased tolerance
URBAN GREENING —> created areas for recreation
NEW DEVELOPMENTS for ENTERTAINMENT (leeds arena)
ECONOMIC opportunities created by urban change in leeds
EMPLOYMENT (leeds arena/victoria gate)
£168 million development
550 jobs created e.g. customer service and beauty therapist
TRANSPORT (LBA and guided bus lanes in kirkstall)
ENVIRONMENTAL opportunities created by urban change in leeds
URBAN GREENING (carbon storage/new habitats)
SOCIAL challenges created by urban change in leeds
23.2% in armley don’t have qualifications —> don’t contribute to the economy
ECONOMIC challenges caused by urban change in leeds
industrial mills in kirkstall closed —> lots of people lost their jobs
ENVIRONMENTAL challenges of urban growth in leeds
population expected to increase —> more demand for housing on greenfield sites (urban sprawl)
urban sprawl means people are travelling further to work —> increases CO2
urbanisation
growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas
why is urbanisation happening at a quicker rate in LICs
people are moving from rural areas to the city for better opportunities
HICs have already urbanised e.g. england in the industrial revolution
2 things that cause urbanisation
rural-urban migration
natural increase
global pattern of urbanisation
•Rates of urbansiation different depending on whether the country is rich or poor.
•The most rapid urban growth is happening in LICs.
•The lowest rates of urban growth is in HICs
•The rate of urban growth in NEEs is starting to slow.
natural increase
when birth rate is higher than death rate
migration
movement of people from one area to another
how is natural increase calculated
Birth Rate minus Death Rate/100 (to express as a percentage)
rural-urban migration
movement of people from rural (countryside) to urban areas (city) due to push and pull factors
3 push factors
• Lack of services so people die from poor healthcare
• Crop failure so people have less food and less income
• Lack of job opportunities so people have a lack of income = malnutrition
3 pull factors
• Higher paid jobs so people have more disposable income so they can afford medicine so their life expectancy increases
• Better healthcare and education
• Family members live there
megacity
city with over 10 million people
3 mega cities
LA, new york, tokyo, shanghai
which continent has the largest number of mega cities
asia
describe location of rio de janeiro
located in south america
in brazil
Give a reason to explain why Rio is an internationally important city
• It held the 2016 Olympic Games
• Main tourist destinations e.g. copacabana beach and sugarloaf mountain
• It has a major port - exports coffee and sugar
• Christ of Redeemer one of the seven wonders
Give a reason to explain why Rio is a nationally important city
Brazils 2nd most important industrial centre- 5% of Brazils GDP
Jobs with tour guides/hotels
Culture capital of Brazil
how has urbanisation created social opportunities in rio?
2016 olympics
culture capital of brazil
how has urbanisation created economic opportunities in rio?
Well paid jobs in the banking and finance
A major port provides jobs exporting coffee and sugar.
Jobs with tourists (hotels/tour guides). It has stunning beaches and Christ the Redeemer statue which is one of the Seven Wonders of the world.
Brazil’s second most important industrial centre- 5% of Brazils GDP
social challenges in rio
• Around 12% of Rio’s population do not have access to clean water—> can lead to diseases like cholera —> In 2013, only 55% of the city had a local family health clinic**
• Only half of all children continue their education beyond 14. Many drop out of school and some get involved in drug
what is rio doing to improve the favelas
in 1995, favela bairro project was created
improve 60 of 600 favelas in rio
£200 million
example of migration in rio
amazonia and caatinga to rio de janeiro
what 8 things does favela bairro project include
removing houses from steep slopes —> ppl are relocated to safer areas so it won’t be dangerous
education —> free education run by volunteers —> ensures young people have basic understanding
improving infrastructure —> streets/roads have been widened so its easier to get to areas
installation of cable car —> creating a link down into the centre of rio —> easier to get to work
self help schemes —> replace wood with brick, bin collection services —> improve quality of life
site and service scheme —> relocate residents from favelas to brick houses w electricity and water etc —> ensures they have basic needs
police and pacifying unit —> 300 police patrolling communities in the favela —> less crime
health and leisure centres —> support ppl w drug and alcohol abuse and day care centres for children so parents can work —> more tax if they work
population density
measurement of number of people in an area
how is population density calculated
number of people/area
per square km
population distribution
way which something is spread over an area
sparsely populated
places that contain a few people
densely populated
places that contain many people
describe leeds
UKs fastest growing city
2nd largest employment total outside london - over 110,000 people commuting to work in leeds from outside the district everyday
urban sprawl
expansion of an urban area into the surrounding countryside
counter urbanisation
when people move from towns and cities to the countryside
suburbanisation
when people move from the city centre out to the suburbs (edge of the city)
why is leeds a major city
generates 5% of englands total economic output worth £56 billion per year
50% of all UK manufacturing takes place within a 2 hour drive from leeds
migrant
someone who moves to another country/location
emigrant
someone who leaves a country/area
positives of migrants moving to leeds
cheap labour —> migrants will often work for minimum wage
cultural diversity
immigrants are often prepared to do unskilled jobs e.g. car washes
negatives of migrants moving to leeds
language problems
pressure on housing and services
urban deprivation
standard of living is below the majority of people in a particular country
deindustrialisation
reduction in manufacturing
brownfield site
urban sites for potential building development that have had previous development on them
greenfield site
a site that has never had any building development take place on it
example of brownfield site in leeds
4.2 acre brownfield site
centre of leeds
example of greenfield site in leeds
spring wood, bramhope
previously used for farming
provide 320 homes for people
local concern over destruction of animal habitats
negatives of building on brownfield sites
additional complications like contimination —> time consuming
higher cost
benefits of urban greening
improved air quality —> trees provide oxygen
reduce global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide
habitats for wildlife
case study for urban sustainability
leeds greenhouse development, beeston
why did leeds beeston need regenerating
was an abandoned site with graffiti
wasted brownfield site
a need for more houses in the centre of leeds
how is leeds greenhouse development project sustainable
well insulated with double glazing
wind turbine to produce electricity
facilities on site reduces need to travel —> playgrounds, sports centres, shops, medical centre —> also creates jobs
sustainable transport changes
park and ride schemes —> drivers leave cars in a big car park on the outskirts of the city on elland road —> regular buses then take them to the city centre —> decrease amount of cars going into the city —> improves air quality
congestion charging (london)
£11.50 daily charge for driving a vehicle within the charging zone
bus lanes —> own lane so not held up in traffic—> quicker
also public transport reduces amount of cars on road
cycle superhighway between leeds and bradford —> cycle route —> less polluted, healthier population
M62 managed motorways scheme improves traffic flow and reduce congestion
