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PH 136 > Water Quality Guidelines And Standards > Flashcards

Water Quality Guidelines And Standards Flashcards

1
Q

What makes risk different from hazard?

A

Risk is the likelihood of a hazard

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2
Q

Enumerate the 2 characteristics of water quality guidelines

A
  1. Represents the concentration of constituent that does not pose any significant health risk over a lifetime of consumption
  2. Based on human & usual domestic consumption
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3
Q

Which is true?
A.Water quality guidelines values are the basis of water quality standards.
B.The Philippine Standards for Drinking Water of 2007 are based on the Philippine Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline values.
C.The Philippine Standards for Drinking Water of 2007 only applies to people working in water supply system; general public not included.

A

A

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4
Q

Most conmonly used indicator bacteria in water testing

A

Coliforms

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5
Q

Enumerate two types of coliforms for which water is tested.

A
  1. total coliform

2. fecal/thermotolerant coliform

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6
Q

What does it mean when coliforms are present?

A

Water sample is Contaminated with excreta; other organisms may also be present

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7
Q

What does it mean when coliforms are present in chlorinated water?

A

Failure in chlorination system

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8
Q

Residual chlorine - what is its purpose?

A

Needed to make sure that there are no more possible pathogens/disease-causing microbes in the water supply

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9
Q

Which is false?
A. Fecal bacteria is the only bacteria indicative of a health hazard.
B. It is more practical to test total coliform rather than residual chlorine.
C. Both are false
D. NOTA

A

B

Baliktad

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10
Q 
Which is false?
A. Fecal bacteria die off with time.
B. Fecal bacteria die in low temperature.
C. BOTA
D. NOTA
A

B

Heat dapat

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11
Q

Nutrient medium used in Multiple Tube Method

A

MacConkey agar

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12
Q

In multiple tube method, presence of coliform bacteria is confirmed with what color change? What does the color change indicate?

A

Purple to yellow.

Acid production

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13
Q

Identify the method
A number of tubes are incubated containing diff volumes of water sample & by observing the number of positive reactions it is possible to derive the MPN of coliform bacteria

A

Multiple Tube method

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14
Q

Why is multiple tube method not very accurate?

A

You are only estimating the most probable number of coliform present

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15
Q

In Membrane Filtration Technique, what kind of membrane is used?

A

Cellulose membrane

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16
Q 
In which method can you count all the colonies present?
A. Multiple Tube method
B. Membrane Filtration technique
C. BOTA
D. NOTA
A

B

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17
Q

Main disadvantage of PNSDW 2007 microbio standard

A

less than 1 colony is hard to interpret

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18
Q

Minimum frequency of sampling for Level I point source

A

Once in 3 months

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19
Q

Minimum frequency of sampling for Level II communal faucet

A

Once in two months

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20
Q

Minimum frequency of sampling for Level III (household faucet) is once a month, regardless of population size served. T/F?

A

F

Sa less than 5000 lang ito

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21
Q

Minimum frequency of sampling for Level III (household faucet), pop size- 5000 to 100,000

A

1 sample per 5000 population, monthly

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22
Q

Minimum frequency of sampling for Level III (household faucet), pop size- more than 100,000

A

20 samples + 1 additional sample per 10,000 population

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23
Q

Answer the ff:
A.Minimum frequency of sampling for emergency supplies of drinking water.
B.Purpose for testing

A

A.before delivery to users

B.check residual chlorine

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24
Q

Minimum frequency of sampling for water refilling stations, and water vending machines

A

One sample monthly

25
Q

Why is more freq sampling needed for water refilling stations

A

Filter system is prone to contamination

26
Q

Differentiate water quality guidelines from water quality standards

A

Water quality standards are intended for direct enforcement; non-compliance results to penalties. This is not the case for water quality guidelines

27
Q

T/F

Trihalomethanes formed are carcinogenic

A

T

28
Q

How is groundwater contaminated by arsenic?

A

arsenic-containing minerals are exposed to air, leading to oxidization

29
Q

How does Cadmium leach into corroded pipes and solders?

A

acidic water

30
Q

How does nitrate affect hemoglobin?

A

associated with methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome) by decreasing oxygen-bearing capacity of Hb

31
Q

most common source of lead in water

A

plumbing systems

32
Q

Which is false about benzene?
A. human carcinogen fr industrial effluents
B. amount is declared when it’s below detection limit
C. primary parameter ito

A

B

amount is not declared when it’s below detection limit

33
Q

Differentiate apparent color fr true color

A

apparent color - color readily observed by the eye

true color - color observed after filtering

34
Q

Which is false?
A.Turbid water has increased oxygen content
B.higher pH of water has more chloride ions
C.lower pH can cause corrosion and leaching
D. NOTA

A

A

reduced dapat

35
Q

Define residence time

A

how long a water source will last

36
Q

How is there seawater intrusion in drinking water?

A

reclamation, soil composition, overextraction

37
Q

Which is false?
A. Sulfate is a laxative but not a purgative
B. Sulfate may be found in naturally occurring geological deposits.
C. BOTA
D. NOTA

A

A

both dapat

38
Q

How is groundwater contaminated by arsenic?

A

arsenic-containing minerals are exposed to air, leading to oxidization

39
Q

How does Cadmium leach into corroded pipes and solders?

A

acidic water

40
Q

How does nitrate affect hemoglobin?

A

associated with methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome) by decreasing oxygen-bearing capacity of Hb

41
Q

most common source of lead in water

A

plumbing systems

42
Q

Which is false about benzene?
A. human carcinogen fr industrial effluents
B. amount is declared when it’s below detection limit
C. primary parameter ito

A

B

amount is not declared when it’s below detection limit

43
Q

Differentiate apparent color fr true color

A

apparent color - color readily observed by the eye

true color - color observed after filtering

44
Q

purpose of alum

A

coagulant

45
Q

Which is false?
A.Turbid water has increased oxygen content
B.higher pH of water has more chloride ions
C.lower pH can cause corrosion and leaching
D. NOTA

A

A

reduced dapat

46
Q

Define residence time

A

how long a water source will last

47
Q

How is there seawater intrusion in drinking water?

A

reclamation, soil composition, overextraction

48
Q

Which is false?
A. Sulfate is a laxative and a purgative
B. Sulfate may be found in naturally occurring geological deposits.
C. Coagulation and sedimentation improve microbiological characteristics of water.
D. NOTA

A

C

only filtration and disinfection improve it

49
Q 
Suspended solids in wastewater are processed via  a certain method. Sequence its steps
A. analyzed gravimetrically
B. oven dried
C. filter wastewater
D. weighed
E. retained solid on filter paper
A 
C
E
B
D
A
50
Q

What is oxygen demand in wastewater? What does it indicate or imply?

A

amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic chemicals present in water; indicates how polluted the water is

51
Q

Difference between chemical & biological oxygen demand

A 
biological = consumed by microbes
chemical = consumed by other organic matter
52
Q

How is chemical oxygen demand measured?

A

boil sewage with acid dichromate solution

53
Q

How is biological oxygen demand measured?

A

allow sample to stand at 20 deg C for 5 days, then calculate amount of oxygen used up during oxidation of organics by microbe

54
Q

Identify: shows the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water, particularly fr significant point source of water pollution

A

oxygen sag curve

55
Q

enumerate zones of oxygen sag curve

A

clean
decomposition
septic
recovery

56
Q

Which is false?
A. more organic matter, less dissolved oxygen available
B. higher rate of de-aeration, higher oxygen demand
C.more turbulent water, less oxygen dissolution in water
D. NOTA

A

C

more dapat

57
Q 
The ff increase from Class AA to Class D except
A.chloride
B.true color
C.dissolved oxygen
D.phosphate
A

C

58
Q 
The ff increase from Class AA to Class D except
A.temperature
B.total suspended solids
C.nitrate
D.BOD
A

A

PH 136 (18 decks)

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