Water Properties

Question 1

Special properties due to chemical structure

Answer 1

• Hydrogen-oxygen bond of water is polar
• Hydrogen bond hold water molecules close together
• Covalent bond connect hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

Three physical states

Answer 2

solid (ice), liquid, gas (water vapor)

• water vapor moves rapidly
• liquid moves slower
• solid ice moves slowest, forms crystal structure

Question 3

lots of energy to melt or evaporate

Answer 3

hydrogen bonds take extra energy to change states

• additional heat (latent heat of vaporization) to evaporate beyond 100 C
• additional removed heat (latent heat of fusion) to freeze beyond 0C
• Salt raises boiling point and decrease freezing point

Question 4

Unusually high latent heat of vaporization important for earth’s climate

Answer 4

greater evaporation at low latitudes and greater precipitation at high latitudes

Question 5

High heat capacity

Answer 5

increase in temperature to increase motion of water molecules

• slow to heat
• slow to cool

Question 6

High surface tension

Answer 6

hydrogen bonds

-can support small objects

Question 7

High level of viscosity

Answer 7

resistant to flow

-more viscous add more stuff

Question 8

Not very compressible

Answer 8

even at high pressure, doesn’t compress

Question 9

density changes with temperature and salinity

Answer 9

~density decreases with increasing temperature

~density increase with increasing salinity

Question 10

Good solvent

Answer 10

dissolves and errodes

Question 11

transparent to visible light

Answer 11

gradually absorb light

light zone to 200 m

Question 12

Transmits sound

Answer 12

sound travel farther but slower