Structures and properties of water Flashcards
Chemical structure of water
Polar Covalent bond (hydrogen to oxygen) Hydrogen bond (connect neighboring water molecules)
3 physical states of water
water vapor- gas- moves rapidly
water- liquid- moves slower
ice- solid- moves slowest
Change in energies to change phase
Need excess energy to vaporize or freeze
more than the 100 C to evaporate
less than 0 C to form ice
Latent heat of vaporization
the excess heat to evaporate
Latent heat of fusion
removal of heat to form ice
How do salt/substances change boiling point and freezing point
increase boiling point
decrease freezing point
-andy dissolved substance affects freezing and boiling point
How water moderates climate
- high latent heat of vaporization at equator
- greater precipitation at high latitudes
- removal of heat from low latitudes and release of this heat at high latitudes as water vapor condenses
How is water affected by temperature
slow to cool and to heat up
this helps to moderate temperature
How does water affect surface tension
high surface tension (cohesion between water molecules by hydrogen bonds)
What is the viscosity of water
high viscosity (flow)
How does comprssibility of water affect water animals
lacking air-filled cavities allow for animals to withstand more pressure
How do you make water more viscous
add more stuff
How does salt content and temp affect density
fresh water is less dense than salty
warm water is less dense than cold
Why is water being a universal solvent helpful
helps with dissolving substances and errosion
Describe lights movement through water
water is transparent and eventually/gradually absorbs light (200 m)
Absorbs UV light which protects animals
