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Physical Geography > Water On The Land Knowledge > Flashcards

Water On The Land Knowledge Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe three features of the middle course

A

Medium sized valley
Lateral erosion
Transports its load

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2
Q

Describe two features of the lower course

A

Large valley

Flood plain

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3
Q

Describe hydraulic action

A

Sheer force of the water

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4
Q

Describe abrasion

A

Rivers load brushing on river bed and sides

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5
Q

Describe attrition

A

The load brushing against each other

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6
Q

Describe solution (erosion)

A

Water dissolving particles of the river and its load

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7
Q

Describe traction

A

Large boulders on river bed

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8
Q

Describe saltation

A

Pebbles bouncing along the river bed

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9
Q

Describe suspension

A

Small particles of mud in water

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10
Q

Describe solution

A

Minerals being dissolved in the water

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11
Q

Describe four features of the upper course

A

Small valley
Vertical erosion
Lots of energy
Erodes down

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12
Q

Describe the formation of a water fall (four marks)

A

Water runs over a strand of more resistant rock that is on top of a less resistant strand of rock. The less resistant rock erodes and forms an overhang. The overhang eventually becomes to big and collapses under its own weight. This process occurs repetitively

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13
Q

What occurs on the outside of a meander

A

River cliffs
Lateral erosion
Fast flowing

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14
Q

Why are meanders formed

A

Because the river wants to get the easiest route from A to B

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15
Q

Describe the inside of a meander

A

Slower current
Deposition occurs
Slip off slopes

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16
Q

What occurs at the outside of a meander

A

Current is faster
Erosion occurs
River banks form

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17
Q

Describe the formation of an ox bow lake

A

Starts with a tight meander
This becomes tighter (swan neck meander)
A straight channel is formed
Deposition occurs at the edges of where the old channel was isolating it

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18
Q

What happens to the water after it breaks the rivers banks, and what does this lead to

A

It slows down and it leads to deposition

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19
Q

Does a levee take many or few floods to form

A

Many

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20
Q

What does lag time mean

A

The difference between peak rainfall and peak discharge

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21
Q

The shorter the ….. And the longer the …. The greater the…. Will be

A

Lag time
Rising limb
Chance of flooding

22
Q

Name all five factors effecting discharge

A 
Impermeable surfaces 
Temperature 
Precipitation 
Relief 
Previous weather conditions
23
Q

How do dams work to prevent floods

A

They allow human control over the discharge of a river by ta-ra point and releasing water

24
Q

Describe the positives of dams

A

Effective
Can be a tourist attraction
Can be used to produce HEP

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of dams and resevoirs

A

Extremely expensive

Traps sediment

26
Q

River straightening works by…

A

Increases the speed of the water

27
Q

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of river straightening

A

Water moves out of the area more quickly reducing the likelihood of a flood however this leads to increase in flooding down stream

28
Q

Dredging and forming artificial levees work by increasing the rivers capacity but what are their advantages and disadvantages

A

Cheap
Works well
Has to be Redon annually
Block nice views

29
Q

Warnings are methods of soft engineering describe a positive and a negative

A

Doesn’t prevent the flood

Allows people to prepare

30
Q

State three soft engineering strategies

A

Warnings
Sand bags
Flood plain zoning
Doing nothing

31
Q

Areas of surplus = ?

A

An area with more than enough water

32
Q

An area with less than enough water is called…

A

An area of deficit

33
Q

When an area has not enough water it is undergoing

A

Water stress

34
Q

What is meant by the term hydrological cycle

A

The cycling of water through the sea land and atmosphere

35
Q

What is meant by interception (WOTL)

A

Where vegetation catches precipitation

36
Q

What is meant by transpiration

A

Plants give off water vapour via the pores in their leaves

37
Q

Corrosion is another word for the term

A

Abrasion

38
Q

Once material is eroded it is…

A

Transported

39
Q

What are the processes of transportation

A

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

40
Q

What is traction

A

Large boulders roll along the river bed

41
Q

What is saltation

A

Smaller pebbles bounced along the river bed

42
Q

What is Suspension

A

Small particles being carried along the flow

43
Q

What is abrasion

A

Silt and pebbles rubbing against the river bank

44
Q

What is attrition

A

The rivers load rubbing against itself

45
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

The sheer force of the water

46
Q

Where would a meander be found

A

The middle course (prehaps the lower)

47
Q

The cross section of a meander is

A

Asymmetrical

48
Q

Describe a flood plain

A

Wide and flat

49
Q

What forms a flood plain

A

Erosion and deposition

50
Q

What river conditions forms a levee

A

Slow flowing but with common floods

Physical Geography (17 decks)

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