WATER ON THE LAND

Question 1

What is the river system part of?

Answer 1

The hydrological cycle

Question 2

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 2

Area of land where rain collects, runs into a river

Often bowl shaped (sides of bowl being valley sides of mountain area)

Question 3

What is the mouth?

Answer 3

The point where the river flows into the sea

Question 4

What is the watershed?

Answer 4

Boundary between two drainage basins

Question 5

What is the confluence ?

Answer 5

The point where two rivers meet

Question 6

What is a river channel?

Answer 6

The landform which the river flows through.

Question 7

What is the source?

Answer 7

The start of a river

Question 8

What is a tributary?

Answer 8

A river that flows into the main channel

Question 9

What is a long profile?

Answer 9

A line representing the course of a river from its source to its mouth.

Question 10

Valley features in the upper course?

Answer 10

Highland
V shaped valley
Steep sides

Question 11

River features in the upper course?

Answer 11

Gradient is steep

river narrow

Question 12

What are the valley features in the middle course?

Answer 12

Lower land

Steep v shape on sides

Wider valley form

Question 13

River features in the middle course?

Answer 13

River starts to form meanders

Question 14

What are the valley features of the lower course?

Answer 14

Flat land

Low lying

Question 15

River features of lower course?

Answer 15

Wide channel
Oxbow lake
Meander scar

Question 16

What is vertical erosion?

Answer 16

This deepens the river valley making it v shaped

Question 17

What is lateral erosion?

Answer 17

This widens the river valley making it v shaped.

Question 18

What is the hydrological cycle?

Answer 18

A closed system (nothing is created or destroyed)

All water is recycled

Question 19

What is deposition?

Answer 19

The dropping of eroded material that a river is carrying

Question 20

What is a flood plain?

Answer 20

A wide flat area of land at either side of the river in its lower course

Question 21

What do contour lines tell you?

Answer 21

The direction a river flows

Question 22

What is weathering?

Answer 22

Weathering wears away the valley sides and the stream removes the debris

Question 23

What is interlocking Spurs?

Answer 23

The river goes around the slopes of the hills called Spurs. They look as if they’re locking together when you look up the valley.

Question 24

The river channel in the middle course is…

Answer 24

Wider
Deeper
Has a greater volume of water

Question 25

What is a meander?

Answer 25

A bend in the river course

Question 26

Steps of meanders...

Answer 26

A bend in river forms meander Neck of meander gets narrower over time due to erosion on outer bend Continued erosion means neck gets narrower during flood water travels straight across taking quickest route River deposits rocks and soil at edges creating oxbow lake Oxbow lake dries up leaving meander scar

Question 27

Flood hydrographs...

Answer 27

The bars mean rainfall (mm) Rising limb shows the rising flood water in the river Basin lag time means the time difference between the peak of the rainstorm and the peak flow of river

Question 28

Case studies for water on the land are ...

Answer 28

Bangladesh boscastle

Question 29

Flood management strategies are...

Answer 29

``` Damns and reservoirs Channel straightening Flood warnings Preparation Flood plain zoning Do nothing ```

Question 30

What is hard engineering?

Answer 30

Work against nature Man made structures They give immediate results Expensive

Question 31

What is soft engineering?

Answer 31

Work with nature A more sustainable form of flood management Much cheaper than hard engineering

Question 32

What are the reasons for an increase in demand of water?

Answer 32

More people More wealth Demand for things which require a lot of water

Question 33

How to meet water demands?

Answer 33

Water meters Houses designed with better water efficiency Collect rainwater Recycle water

Question 34

How many types of erosion are there?

Answer 34

4

Question 35

What is abraision?

Answer 35

Eroded rocks picked up by river scrape and rub against channel wearing it away

Question 36

What is solution?

Answer 36

River water dissolves some type of rock

Question 37

What is attrition?

Answer 37

Eroded rocks picked up by the river smash into each other and break into smaller fragments. Their edges get rounded as they rub together.

Question 38

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 38

The force of the water breaks rock particles away from the river channel

Question 39

What is traction?

Answer 39

Large particles like boulders are pushed along the river bed by the force of the water.

Question 40

What is suspension?

Answer 40

Small particles like silt and clay are carried along by water.

Question 41

What is saltation?

Answer 41

Pebble-sized particles are bounced along the river bed by the force of the water.

Question 42

What is solution ( transport ) ?

Answer 42

Soluble materials dissolve in the water and are carried along.